Lab quiz #5

Question 1

blood pressure =

Answer 1

cardiac output (Q) x total peripheral resistance (TPR)

Question 2

flow x resistance =

Answer 2

pressure

Question 3

Q =

Answer 3

SV x HR

Question 4

Increased Q or TPR =

Answer 4

increased blood pressure

Question 5

decreased Q or TPR =

Answer 5

decreased blood pressure

Question 6

two factors influencing blood pressure:

Answer 6

1. capacitance
2. compliance

Question 7

resistance to flow or TPR
- atherosclerosis
- arteriosclerosis

Answer 7

capacitance

Question 8

distensibility of the vessels (expand to accept blood)
- decreases with age

Answer 8

compliance

Question 9

Two phases of cardiac cycle:

Answer 9

1. systole
2. diastole

Question 10

work phase of cardiac cycle

Answer 10

systole (SBP)

Question 11

rest/fill phase of cardiac cycle

Answer 11

diastole (DBP)

Question 12

Blood pressure is written as _ over _
- 120 mm Hg/80 mm Hg

Answer 12

SBP/DBP

Question 13

• primary, clinical: determine risk of CVD or stroke
• establish a baseline for health interventions
• establish a baseline to compare the effect of exercise on BP
  
  • looking at different types, intensities, and durations

Answer 13

reasons to measure blood pressure

Question 14

Two methods of measuring blood pressure:

Answer 14

1. invasive
2. non-invasive

Question 15

_ method for measuring BP:
- more accurate
- expensive
- elaborate
- can be traumatic

Answer 15

invasive

Question 16

invasive method for measuring BP:
- _ : catheter inserted into an artery; pressure transducer attached to measure BP

Answer 16

flow transducer

Question 17

_ method for measuring BP:
- ultrasound doppler/automated
- cuff manometry – sphygmomanometer (“cuff method”)

Answer 17

non-invasive

Question 18

use of a stethoscope to auscultate _ (“auscultatory method”)
- 0.85 correlation with flow transducer

Answer 18

korotkoff sounds

Question 19

vibrations from vascular walls

Answer 19

korotkoff sounds

Question 20

korotkoff sounds:
- no blood flow =

Answer 20

no vibrations/sounds

Question 21

korotkoff sounds:
- with pressure cuff/tourniquet =

Answer 21

vibrations/sounds

Question 22

korotkoff sounds:
- unobstructed =

Answer 22

no vibrations/sounds

Question 23

phase 1: first recognition or “faint, clear” sounds or “sharp thuds” that increase in intensity

Answer 23

SBP

Question 24

phase 5: sounds are no longer audible or “disappear”

Answer 24

DBP

Question 25

- body arm positions - no practical difference in BP when supine vs sitting - statistically slightly higher SBP (6-7 mm Hg) and DBP (1 mm Hg) when supine - BP is higher when arm is below the heart vs above

Answer 25

factor affecting blood pressure measurements

Question 26

- cuffs - too small -- overestimated BP - too large -- underestimate BP

Answer 26

factor affecting blood pressure measurements

Question 27

Effects of aerobic exercise on BP: - _ increases linearly with increasing exercise intensities - Q increases significantly during graded exercise - increases in flow/pressure are "absorbed" by elasticity of vessels dampening the change in blood flow (TPR decrease slightly) - If TPR did not decrease, pressures would be extremely high -- busrting

Answer 27

systole blood pressure

Question 28

Effects of aerobic exercise on BP: - _: slightly increases, slightly decreases, or remains unchanged (~10 mm Hg)

Answer 28

diastole blood pressure

Question 29

Effects of aerobic exercise on BP: - within 5-8 minutes of exercise cessation, BP usually returns _ - Return depends upon: - type - intensity - duration

Answer 29

to pre-exercise level

Question 30

Effects of aerobic exercise on BP: - SBP may drop slightly lower than pre-exercise SBP and remain _ following exercise

Answer 30

lower for several hours

Question 31

Effects of aerobic exercise on BP: - _: can lead to syncope - passive recovery -- cessation of muscle pump -- venous pooling -- reduced venous return and vasoconstriction - loss of plasma volume (sweating)

Answer 31

recovery hypotension

Question 32

age, muscle mass, fitness level, smoking

Answer 32

factors affecting BP during exercise

Question 33

type of exercise and exercise protocol - Resistance training produces > BP than rhythmic aerobic exercise - some aerobic exercises (cycling) produce greater BP than other aerobic exercise (treadmill)

Answer 33

factors affecting BP during exercise

Question 34

pulse pressure =

Answer 34

SBP-DBP

Question 35

difference between SBP and DBP - reflects vascular compliance in large arteries - high PP = increased risk of MI - 40 - normal - > 60 - may be at risk

Answer 35

pulse pressure (PP)

Question 36

average force against arterial walls during the cardiac cycle - based on actual arterial pressure that would be sustained if blood flow was constant and not pulsating - slightly lower than average value of SBP and DBP

Answer 36

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Question 37

Q =

Answer 37

MAP/TPR

Question 38

MAP =

Answer 38

DBP + (0.333 [SBP-DBP])

Question 39

- reflects how hard the heart is working depending on rate (HR) and resistance (SBP) - believed to be related to physical fitness (healthy persons) - lower at rest - higher maximal

Answer 39

rate pressure product (RPP)

Question 40

RPP =

Answer 40

HR (bpm) x SBP (mm Hg) / 100

Question 41

rate pressure product: - considering both HR and BP offers a better estimate of _ than HR alone

Answer 41

myocardial O2 consumption

Question 42

- aka: postural hypotension - move from supine to standing - venous pooling occurs immediately (gravity); Q decreases - baroreceptors sense a decrease in BP and sends a message to the medulla oblongata to increase BP -- venous return - vasoconstriction - increase in HR and SV

Answer 42

orthostatic intolerance (orthostatic hypotension)

Question 43

- high risk for future CV morbidity and mortality - primary: cause of HT is not known (~90% of HT in adults) - secondary: caused by known endocrine or structural disorders

Answer 43

hypertension (high BP)

Question 44

- more likely to accelerate atherosclerosis - may cause occlusions (blood clots) and ruptures ~20 years prior to normotensives - BP can be affected by non-pathological factors; should not classify persons from a single reading

Answer 44

hypertension

Question 45

Systolic = less than 120 AND Diastolic = less than 80

Answer 45

Blood pressure - normal

Question 46

Systolic = 120-129 AND Diastolic = less than 80

Answer 46

Blood pressure - elevated

Question 47

Systolic = 130-139 OR Diastolic = 80-89

Answer 47

Blood pressure - high blood pressure (hypertension) stage 1

Question 48

Systolic = 140 or higher OR Diastolic = 90 or higher

Answer 48

Blood pressure - high blood pressure (hypertension) stage 2

Question 49

Systolic = higher than 180 AND/OR Diastolic = higher than 120

Answer 49

Blood pressure - hypertensive crisis (consult doctor immediately)