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Lab Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

gene that is expressed when only one copy of the allele is present (Aa, AA)

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2
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

gene that is expressed only when two copies are present (aa)

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3
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

observable characteristic or traits/ expression of genotype

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4
Q

What is a genotype?

A

genetic code, pair of alleles an individual has for each gene

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5
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

two of the same allele (AA, aa)

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6
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

alleles are different (Aa)

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7
Q

What does haploid mean?

A

there is only one copy of chromosomes (n=23)

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8
Q

What does diploid mean?

A

there are two copies of chromosomes (2n=46, 23 pairs of chromosomes)

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9
Q

What is the Hardy-Weinburg equation?

A

p+q=1
p2+2pq+q2=1

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10
Q

What does it mean when a population is in Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium?

A

there is no significant change in allele frequencies (<.1) from one generation to the next

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11
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea

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12
Q

What is the difference between the domains bacteria and eukarya?

A

bacteria have no nucleus, Eukarya do have a nucleus

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13
Q

What are the different shapes of bacteria?

A

Coccus- spherical
Bacillus- rod
Spirillum- spiral

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14
Q

What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria?

A

Autotrophs- make their own food (photosynthesis)
Heterotrophs- must eat or absorb their food

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15
Q

What is an example of autotrophic bacteria?

A

Anabaena

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16
Q

What is the domain and kingdom of protists?

A

Eukarya, Protista

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17
Q

What is an example of an autotrophic protist?

A

Red and Brown Algae (seaweed)
Green Algae (spirogyra)

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18
Q

What are some examples of heterotrophic protists?

A

Euglena, Paramecium, Stentor

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19
Q

What is the kingdom and phylum of Hydra?

A

Animalia, Cnidaria

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20
Q

What is the kingdom and phylum of Rotifer?

A

Animalia, Rotifera

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21
Q

What is the kingdom and phylum of Planaria?

A

Animalia, Platyhelminthes

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22
Q

What is the kingdom and phylum of Sponge?

A

Animalia, Porifera

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23
Q

What is the kingdom and phylum of Crayfish?

A

Animalia, Arthropoda (Crustacean)

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24
Q

What is the kingdom and phylum of Grasshopper?

A

Animalia, Arthropoda (Hexapoda)

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25
What is the difference between spongin and spicule?
Spongin is soft and squishy Spicule is hard and spikey
26
What is the osculum pore in a sponge and where is it?
Excurrent pore- one at the top center of the sponge
27
Where are the incurrent pores on a sponge?
Multiple along the sides
28
What type of feeders are sponges and clams?
Filter feeders
29
How many body segments does a crayfish have?
2
30
What are a crayfish's appendages?
antennae, mouthparts, swimmerets
31
What is the function of a crayfish's swimmerets?
Help with swimming and carrying eggs
32
What are the functions of a crayfish's mouthparts?
aid in feeding and manipulating food
33
What are the functions of a crayfish's antennae?
sense their environment
34
How many body segments does a grasshopper have?
3
35
What are a grasshopper's appendages?
antennae, 6 legs, 2 pairs of wings
36
What is the function of spiracles on the abdomen of a grasshopper?
Intake air
37
What is the difference between a digestive tract and gastrovascular cavity?
digestive tract- has two openings Gastrovascular cavity- has one opening
38
Do hydra and planarias have a digestive tract or gastrovascular cavity?
Gastrovascular cavity
39
What is the kingdom, phylum, and class of clam?
Animalia, Mullusca, Bivalve
40
What is the kingdom, phylum, and class of Earthworm?
Animalia, Annelida, Oligochaeta
41
What are the organs in a clam?
Mantle- thin layer of tissue between shell and organs Coelum- open space between shell and organs Foot- extends out of clam to move Gills- gas exchange Visceral sac- contains stomach, heart, intestines
42
What are the organs of an earthworm?
crop- holds food prior to digestion gizzard- grinds food intestine- digests and absorbs food seminal receptacle- receives sperm from mate seminal vesicle- makes sperm
43
What is the function of the adductor muscle in clams?
To keep the shells closed
44
What is the difference between a coelomate and an acoelomate organism?
Coelomate- fluid filled body cavities (AKA coelom) Acoelomate- solid tissue
45
What is the purpose of an earthworm's clitellum?
Line up the reproductive organs, and forms cocoon that collects eggs
46
Are earthworms and clams coelomate or acoelomate?
coelomate, with a digestive tract
47
What are the basic characteristics of fungi?
Eukaryotic, heterotrophs, decomposers, cell walls made of chitin, filamentous (hyphae), mycelium
48
What is mycelium?
The main body of fungi
49
How do fungus and algae benefit from each other in the relationship present in lichen?
Fungus keeps the algae from drying out, Algae gives the fungus sugar from photosynthesis or is eaten by the fungus
50
What kind of fungi is Basidiomycota and what is its reproductive structure?
Standard mushroom diploid cap
51
What type of fungus is ascomycota and what are its reproductive structures?
cup mushroom + mating spore, - mating spore
52
What type of fungus is Zygomycota and what are its reproductive structures?
Black bread mold asexual- sporangia sexual- haploid hyphae and diploid zygosporangium
53
What is this and what structures does it have?
Hydra Gastrovascular cavity, tentacles
54
What is this and what structures does it have?
Rotifer Cilia, mouth
55
What is this and what structures does it have?
Planaria Gastrovascular cavity, pharynx, eyespots
56
What is this and what structures does it have?
Anabaena Heterocyst
57
What is this and what structures does it have?
Spirogyra Spiral chloroplast, cell wall
58
What is this and how does it move?
Euglena Flagellum
59
What is this and how does it move?
Paramecium cilia
60
What is this and how does it move?
Stentor cilia
61
Identify the external anatomy of a clam.
62
Identify the external anatomy of an earthworm.
63
What is this a cross section of and what are the important structures?
Earthworm dorsal blood vessel, ventral blood vessel, coelom, ventral nerve cord, intestine
64
What is this a cross section of and what are the important structures?
Planaria pharynx, gastrovascular cavity

Biology (6 decks)

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