lab test 1 ch 3

Question 1

structural proteins

Answer 1

primary role is to form and maintain the shape of cell or cell structures

Question 2

receptors

Answer 2

this type of protein binds a signal molecule and begins the process that leads to a cellular response.

Question 3

immunoglobulins

Answer 3

some immune system cells produce these proteins that bind to pathogens and mark them for destruction

Question 4

membrane transporters

Answer 4

this type of protein is required to move certain substances from one side of a cell membrane to another.

Question 5

binding protein

Answer 5

this type of protein specifically attaches a ligand moves it from one location in the body to another.

Question 6

enzyme

Answer 6

this type of protein speeds up the rate of chemical reactions

Question 7

signal molecules

Answer 7

this type of protein, secreted by one cell and binding to another, serves an an important role in cell to cell communication.

Question 8

regulatory protein

Answer 8

this type of protein is involved in turning genes on or off.

Question 9

understanding binding sites for proteins

Answer 9

• receptors must have a specific binding site for a signal molecule
• regulatory proteins must bind to a specific DNA sequence in the nucleus
• binding proteins must have a specific binding site for what they are transporting around the body

Question 10

modulation (proteins)

Answer 10

something that stimulates an increase or decrease in the activity of a protein.

Question 11

chemical modulators, environmental modulators

Answer 11

chemical- bind to or alter the make-up or shape of the protein to change its activity level.
environmental- factors include pH and temperature, which alter shape and therefore activity of proteins.

Question 12

facts about enzymes include:

Answer 12

• names end in -ase
• speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
• are proteins
• can be modulated
• can be reused
• act on specific substrates
• names often reflect what they do and what they act on
• not changed by the chemical reaction

Question 13

Amylase experiment

Answer 13

• dark blue black starch is present, low amylase

- yellow low starch or no starch, high amylase

Question 14

What is the functional category of the protein salivary amylase?

Answer 14

enzyme

Question 15

Describe the work of the proteins in this functional category(enzymes). Explain how they accomplish this work

Answer 15

biological catalyst, speeds up reactions, enzyme fits to substrate and lowers activation energy

Question 16

what is the substrate for salivary amylase?

Answer 16

starch

Question 17

What is/are the products of the chemical reaction catalyzed by salivary amylase?

Answer 17

maltose+ maltotriose

Question 18

Modulators that increase the activity of a protein are called:

Answer 18

activators

Question 19

modulators that decrease the activity of a protein are called:

Answer 19

antagonists (inhibitors)