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Lab Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is this phase of mitosis?

A

Interphase

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2
Q

What is this phase of mitosis?

A

Prophase

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3
Q

What is this phase of mitosis?

A

Metaphase

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4
Q

What is this phase of mitosis?

A

Anaphase

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5
Q

What is this phase of mitosis?

A

Telophase

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6
Q

What is this phase of mitosis?

A

Prometaphase

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7
Q

What is this phase?

Under microscope

A

Interphase

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8
Q

What is this phase?

A

Prophase

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9
Q

What is this phase?

A

Prometaphase

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10
Q

What is this phase?

A

Metaphase

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11
Q

What is this phase?

A

Anaphase

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12
Q

What is this phase?

A

Telophase

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13
Q

What is the G1 phase?

A

It is the first part of cell cycle apart of interphase

Organelle duplication, enzyme synthesis, preparation for DNA replication

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14
Q

What happens in the G1 phase?

A

Cells double in size; organelles, enzymes, and other molecules increase in number

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15
Q

What is the S phase?

A

The phase is the second part of interphase where DNa replication occurs and chromosome duplication
DNA copied

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16
Q

What happens during the S phase?

A

DNA associated proteins replicate
Two copies of the cells genetic info now exist

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17
Q

How is homologous chromosomes related to the chromatids formed after S phase?

A

homologous chromosomes pair up with each other to form a tetrad, in which four chromatids are present

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18
Q

How are chromatids formed?

A

Chromatids are formed during chromosome duplication, which occurs prior to cell division via the processes of mitosis and meiosis. The two “sister” chromatids in a pair are identical and are joined by a centromere.

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19
Q

In what phase does semiconservative replication occur?

A

S Phase

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20
Q

What is semi conservative replication?

A

It is when one new DNA strand forms from the older DNA template

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21
Q

How much DNA molecules are in a homologous chromosome?

A

One molecule of DNA

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22
Q

What does one homologous chromosome become?

A

It becomes two chromatids held together by a centromere

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23
Q

What does semi-conservative DNA replication form?

A

Molecules of DNA that are made up of one old and one new strand

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24
Q

What is the g2 phase?

A

Last part of interphase before cell division mitosis/meiosis

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25
What happens doing g2 phase?
Structures required for cell division begin to assemble; chromosomes begin to condense
26
What are the 5 phases of mitoses?
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase/cytokinesis
27
What is cancer?
Cancer cells are not regulated by proto oncogenes proteins Proto-oncogenes that are mutated are called oncogenes which cause cancer
28
How are cancer cells different from normal cells?
Normal cells have controlled growth cancer cells do not Contact inhibition Normal cells specialize to body function
29
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
30
What is a homologous chromosome?
A set of one material and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization
31
What is a gene?
Basic unit of inheritance on a chromosome that has a specific function
32
What is an allele?
One, two or more forms of a given gene from parents
33
What is a karyotype?
The distinctive appearance of all the metaphase chromosomes in an individual including number of chromosomes, their length, and their banding pattern
34
What are histone proteins?
Proteins that provide structural support for chromosomes Carry DNA And bind to DNA
35
What are chromatin ?
A mixture of DNA and protest that form the chromosomes found in cells
36
Describe the chromosome?
Consist of a centromere connecting two chromatids that have DNA
37
What is a homologous chromosome?
It is a chromosome made out of one molecule of DNA which replicates into two daughter molecules of DNA through the process of semi conservative replication
38
How many chromosomes does a haploid have?
23 chromosomes
39
How many chromosomes does a diploid have?
46 chromosomes
40
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Mitosis happens in all eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, and fungi). It is the process of cell renewal and growth in a plant, animal or fungus. And to ensure that the two daughter cells inherit an equal and identical complement of chromosomes
41
What is the purpose of meiosis?
the purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes, the sperm and eggs, with half of the genetic complement of the parent cells.
42
Where does cell division happen?
Mitosis: human body cells Meiosis: sex cells
43
What is spermatogenesis?
The formation of mature functional spermatozoa
44
What is oogenis?
Is the development process by which the mature Human ovum is formed
45
What is nondisjunction?
When gametes have an abnormal number of chromosomes: either toomany or too few
46
Nondisjunction causes what kinds of disorders?
Down syndrome (trisosomy 21) Trisomy 13 (patau) trisomy 18 (Edward) Trisomy 22 (turner) Etc
47
What is this phase of meiosis ?
Interphase
48
What happens During interphase of meiosis?
Chromosomes duplicate
49
What is this phase of meiosis ?
Prophase 1
50
What happens during prophase 1?
Homologous chromosomes pair and exchange segments
51
What is this phase of meiosis ?
Metaphase1
52
What happens during metaphase 1?
Tetras line up Note chromosomes are in the x form in 1st phase
53
What is this phase of meiosis ?
Anaphase 1
54
What happens During anaphase 1?
Pairs (xform) of homologous chromosomes split up
55
What is this phase of meiosis ?
Telophase 1 and cytokinesis Two haploid cells form; chromosomes are still double
56
What is this phase of meiosis ?
Prophase 2
57
What is this phase of meiosis ?
Metaphase 2
58
What is this phase of meiosis ?
Anaphase 2
59
What is this phase of meiosis ?
Telophase 2 and cytokinesis
60
What happens during telophase 2?
Sister chromatids separated and four haploid daughter cells result containing single chromosomes

BIOLOGY (8 decks)

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