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A&P2 > Lab Test 2 > Flashcards

Lab Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Renal Vein

B.Inferior Vena Cava

C.Urtethre

D.Renal Artery

E.Left Kidney

F.Abdomial Aoarta

G.Ureter

H.Urinary Bladder

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2
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Bowman’s Capsule

B.Efferent Arteriole
C.Glomerelus

D.Afferent Arteriole

E.Interlobar Artery

F.Loop of Henle

G.Proximal Convulated Tubule

H. Pertibular Capillaries

I.Distal Convulated Tubule

J.Collecting Duct

K.Interlobular Vein

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3
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Abdominal Aorta

B.Renal Vein

C.Ureter

D.Urinary Bladder

E.Inferior Vena Cava

F.Left Kidney

G.Renal Artery

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4
Q

Name these parts

A

A. Efferent Arteriole

B.Afferent Arteriole

C.Podocytes

D.Bowman’s Capsule

E.Renal Corpsucle

F.Glomeruls

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5
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Renal Column

B.Minor Calyx

C.Major Calyx

D.Cortex

E.Renal Papilla

F.Renal Corpsucle

G.Renal Pyramid

H.Renal Artery

I.Renal Vein

J.Renal Pelvis

K.Renal Sinus

L.Medulla

M.Ureter

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6
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Renal Artery
B.Renal Vein

C.Renal elvis

D.Renal Papilla

E.Ureter

F.Minor Calyx

G.Cortex

H.Major Calyx

I.Rneal Pyramid

J.Renal Column

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7
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Arculate Artery

B.Arcuate Vein

C.Renal Column

D.Cortex

E.Interlobular Artery

F.Interlobular Vein

G.Interlobar Vein

H.Interlobar Artery

I.Segmental Artery

J.Renal Artery
K.Renal Vein

L.Ureter

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8
Q

Renal Capsule: Function

A

A connective tissue layer directly superficial to the kidney

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9
Q

Nephrons

A

Microscopic Urine-Forming Structures

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10
Q

Do veins join to form segmental veins in the kidney?

A

No, the join to form the renal vein directly

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11
Q

Renal Corpsucle Consists of…

A

Glomerulus + Boman’s Capsule

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12
Q

Boman’s Capsule layers

A

Outer: Epithelial cells

Inner: Podocytes

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13
Q

Renal Fascia

A

Immediately deep to the parietal peritonium (binds it to the abdominal wall)

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14
Q

Perineral Fat Capsule

A

Cushions kidney and holds it in place

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15
Q

Fibrous Capsule

A

Encloses kidney protecting it from trauma and infection

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16
Q

Collagen Fibers

A

extend from fibrous capsule to renal fascia:

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17
Q

Renal Parenchyma & Zones

A

Glandular Tissue that forms uring

Two Zones:
1.Outer Renal Cotex

2.Inner Renal Medulla

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18
Q

Renal Columns

A

Extensions of the cortex that project inward toward sinus

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19
Q

Renal Pyramids

A

6-10 with broad base facing cortex and renal papilla facing sinus

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20
Q

Lobe of Kidney

A

One pyramid and its overlying cortex

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21
Q

Minor Calyx

A

Cup that nestles the pailla of each pyramid, collects its urine

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22
Q

Major Calyx

A

Formed by the convergence of 2 or 3 minor calyces

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23
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

Formed by the convergence of 2 or 3 major calyces

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24
Q

Ureter

A

A tubular continuation of the pelvis that drains urine down to the urinary bladder

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25
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Carotid Artery

B.Tyroid

C.Liver

D.Gallbladder

E.Small Intestine

F.Thyroid Cartliage

G.Jugular Vein

H.Left Primary Bronchi

I.Esophogus

J.Stomach

K. Large Intestine

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26
Q

Name these parts

A

A. Esophogeal Spinchter

B.Cardia

C.Lesser Curvature

D.Pyloric Spinchter

E.Pyloric Region

F.Fundus

G.Body

H. Lesser Curvature

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27
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Mucosa

B.Muscularis Mucosa

C.Muscularis Externa

D.Serosa

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28
Q

Name these parts

A

A. Oral Cavity/ Mouth

B.TOngue

C.Larynx

D.Liver

E.Gallbladder

F.Ascending INtestine

G.Pharynx

H.Esophogus

I.Stomach

J.Pancreas

K.Transverse Colon

L.Descending Colon

M.Small Intestine

N.SIgnoid Colon

O.Rectum

P.Anus

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29
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Cystic Duct

B.Gallbladder

C.Common Hepatic Duct

D.Hepatic Portal Vein

E.Quadrate Lobe

F.Falciform Ligament

G.Hepatic Artery

H.Caudate Lobe

I.Porta Hepatis

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30
Q

Name these parts

A

A. Muscle Layers

B.Lumen

C.Plicae Circularis (Circular Folds_

D.Villi

E. Vlilli

F.Intestinal Crypt

G.Brush Border

H.Submucosa

I.Brush Border

J.Microvilli

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31
Q

Name these parts

A

A.DIaphram

B.RIght Lobe

C.Cystic Duct

D.Gallbladder

E.Duodenum

F.Bile Duct

G.Accessory Pancreatic Duct

H.Pancreatic Duct

I.Hepatic Pancreatic Ampula

J.Falciform Ligament

K.Left Lobe

L.Common Hepatic Duct

M.Pancreatic Duct

N.Pancreas

O.Common Hepatic Duct

P.Hepatopancreatic Sphincter

Text: Right Hepatic Duct

Text: Left Hepatic Duct

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32
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Lumen

B.Mucosa

C.Submucosa

D.Nerve

E.Vein

F.Artery

G.Outer Longitudinal Vein

H.Inner Circular Vein

I.Serosa

J.Muscularis Externa

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33
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Bile Canaliculi

B.Hepatic Arteriole

C.Venu.e of hepatic portal vein

D.Bile Ductle

E.Central Veins

F.Hepatic Triad

G.Hepatic Lobules

H.Hepatocyte

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34
Q

Teeth

A
  • Accessory Organ
  • Help mechanically digest food to break it down into small particles and expose its internal structure
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35
Q

Salivary Glands

A

-Accesory Organ

Aids in chemical digestion- Produce saliva to moisten food so it can be swallowed more easily

-produces salivary amylase (an enzyme that assists in the breakdown of starch)

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36
Q

Pharynx

A

A passageway from the mouth to the esophogus

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37
Q

Esophogus

A

Long muscular tube that extends to the stomach.

  • The inner lining of the esophogus is composed of:
  • stratified sqamous epitehlial tissue bc food that is ingested can cause abraisian
  • Submuscoa Layer- secretes mucus
  • 1/3 part: skeltal
  • 2/3: skeeltal & smooth

3/3: smooth muscle

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38
Q

GI Tract

A

Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine

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39
Q

Stomach

A

Food stoage oragan where mechanical and chemical breakdown occurs. Bolus of food passing through esophogus enters into the stomach where it breaks down into chyme- a soup mixture of semi digested food.

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40
Q

Chyme

A

A soupy/pasty mixture of semi-digested food

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41
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

A ventral messentery that extends from the lesser curvatrue of the stomach to the liver

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42
Q

Greater Omentum

A

Hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach (its left inferior margin)

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43
Q

Small Intestine

A

Food digestion completes here and starts to get absorbed in the latter parts of the small intestine (Juodendum and ilium)

Small intestine absorbtion sites are layered with small & large intestine

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44
Q

Large Intestine

A

Absorbtion, Water Balance, etc.

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45
Q

Intraparitoneal

A

When an organ is encolsed by mesentery on both sides

  • considered within the periotenal cavity
  • Examples: Stomach, liver, and parts of the small & large intestine
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46
Q

Retroperitineal

A

When an organ lies against the posterior body wall and is covered by peritoneium on its anterior side only

  • Considered outside the peritoneum cavity
  • Examples: Duodendum, Pancreas, and parts of the large intestine
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47
Q
A
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48
Q

Liver

A
  • Accessory Organ
  • Secretes bile which helps with digestion

-

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49
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Accessory Organ
  • Has exocrine and endocrine properties

Exocrine: releases of pancreatic juices to nearby organ
o Assists in chemical digestion within the small intestine:
 Amylase - breaks down carbohydrates
 Lipase - breaks down fats
 Ribonuclease/ Deoxyribonuclease - break down RNA and
DNA
 Proteases - break down protein.
o These enzymes are stimulated by CCK in the small intestine which is
triggered as food passes through the small intestine.

• Endocrine: Release of hormones into the bloodstream (insulin & glucagon
are important for glucose metabolism)

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50
Q

Gallbladder

A

-Accessory Organ

Store and concentrates bile by absorbing water and electrolytes

51
Q
A
52
Q

Stomach Anatomy & Parts

A

Stomach—J-shaped; relatively
vertical in tall people, horizontal in
short people. Stomach has a
simple columnar epithelium
covered by mucous.

-Divided into
four regions:

1.Cardial part (cardia)—small
area within about 3 cm of the
cardial orifice
2.Fundus—dome-shaped
portion superior to
esophageal attachment
3.Body—makes up the
greatest part of stomach
4.Pyloric part—narrower
pouch at the inferior end
o Subdivided into the
funnel-like antrum
o Narrower pyloric canal
that terminates at
pylorus

53
Q

Pylorus

A

Narrow passage to the duodendum

54
Q

Pyloric Spinchter

A

Regulates the passage of chyme into the duodendum

55
Q

Gastric Pits

A

pits—depressions in gastric mucosa
o Lined with simple columnar epithelium
o Two or three tubular glands open into the bottom of
each gastric pit

56
Q

Cardiac Glands

A

in the cardiac part

57
Q

Pyloric Glands

A

in the pyloric parts

58
Q

Gastric Glands

A

In the rest of the stomach

59
Q
A
60
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Nasopharynx

B.Esophogus

C.Glottis

D.Epiglottis

E.Teeth

F.Hard Palate

G.Soft Palate

H.Mandible

I.Papillae (root)

J. Tongue

K.Papillae (fungiform)

61
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Tail

B.Trunk

C.Head

D.Anus

E.Genital Papillae

F.Ankle

G.Umbilical Cord

H.External Nares

I.Tongue

62
Q

Name gender and these parts

A

Female

A. Caudal Vena Cava

B.Oviduct

C.Ovary

D.Umbilical Artery

E.Urinary Bladder

F.Aorta

G.Ureter

H.Ovarian Artery

I.Colon

J.Right & Left Horns of the uterus

63
Q

Name the gender and these parts

A

Male

A.Testis

B.Scrotum

C.Spermatic Cord

D.Penis

64
Q

Name these parts

A

A.External Jugular vein

B.Right Braciocephalic Vein

C.Right Subclalvian Vein

D.Cranial Vena Cava

E.Caudal Vena Cava

F.Internal Jugular Vein

G.Cepahlic Vein

H.Diaphragm

65
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Thryoid Gland

B.Right Common Carotid atery

C.Right phrenic nerve

D.Right Subclavian Artery

E.Brachiocephalic Trunk

F.Right Auricle

G.Left Common Carotid Artery

H.Esophogus

I.Carotid Trunk

J.Trachea

K.Left Subclavian Artery

L.Aaortic Arch

M.Pulmonary Artery

N.Left Auricle

66
Q

Name these parts

A

A. caudal vena cava

B.Liver

C.Umbilical Vein

D.Branches of the mesentric artery

E.Small Intestine

F.Mesentary

G.spleen

H.Stomach

I.Pancreas

J.Spiral Colon

K.Small Intestine

67
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Aaorta

B.Adrenal Gland

C.Kidney

D.Caudal Vena Cava

E.Ureter

F.Umbilical atery

G.Adrenal Gland

H.Renal Vein

I.Ureter

J.Testicular Artery

K.Vas Deferens

L.Urinary Bladder

68
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Carotid Artery

B.Internal Jugular Vein

C.External Jugular Vein

D.Subclavian Artery

E.Right Lung

F.Larynx

G & I.Thymus

H.Trachea

J.Thyroid Gland

K.Anterior Vena Cava

L.Thymus

M.Pericardial Sac

N.Left Lung

O.Ribs

69
Q

The appendix in the pig is called the

A

cecum

70
Q

How can you tell its a female vs male fetal pig?

A

Determine the sex of your pig by looking for the urogenital opening. On females, this opening is located near the anus. On males, the opening is located near the umbilical cord. Likewise, you might be able to see the scrotum which will indidicate male.

If your pig is female, you should also note that urogenital papilla is present near the genital opening

71
Q

What is the epiglottis protecting?

A

Trachea

72
Q

If water entered the pig’s nares, which opening in the oral cavity would it exit through?

A

Nasopharynx

73
Q

External Nares are..

A

Nostrils

74
Q

Mesentry Functions

A
  1. Helps Storing Fat
  2. Allows blood & lymph vessels as well as nerves to supply the intestine
75
Q

Why is the gallbladder in the fetal pig green?

A

Billirubin gives bile in the gallbladder a yellowish-green color

76
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Renal Papilla

B.Minor Calyx

C.Renal Pyramid

D.Renal Column

E.Renal Capsule

F.Renal Cortex

G.Adipose in renal sinus

H.Renal Pelvis

I.Major Calyx

J.Renal Medulla

77
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Kidney

B.Ureter

C.Prostate Lobes

D.Head of epidydimis

E.Testis

F.Tail of epidydimis

G.Urethrea

H.enis

I.Adrenal Gland

J.Seminal Vesicles

K.Prostate Gland

L.Vas Deferens

M.Bulbourethal Gland

N.Urogenital Orifiee

78
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Vagina

B.Birth Canal

C.Fallopian Tube

D.Ovaries

79
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Labia Minora

B.Labia Majora

C.Mons Pubis

D.Prepuce

E.Clitoris

F.Urethral Orifice

G.Vaginal Orifice

H.Anus

80
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Ovarian Ligament

B.Ovary

C.Broad Ligament

D.Body of urterus

E.Cervix

F.Fundus

G.Ampula

H.Fallopian Tube

I.Ishmus

J.Infundibuulm

K.Fimbrae

L.Round Ligament

M.Enometrium

N.Myometrium

O.Perimetrium

P.Cervical Canal

Q.Vagina

R.Uterine Wall

81
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Infundibulum

B.Ampulla

C.Isthmus

D.Bladder

E.Urethra

F.Fimbriae

G.Ovary

H.Uterus

I.Cervical Canal

J.Vagina

82
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Ovum

B.Outer Corte

C.Tunica Abunginue

D.Inner Medulla

E.Suspensory LIgament

F.Ovarian Ligament

G.Ovarian Vein

83
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Mature Follicle

B.Atrum

C.Granulosa Cells

D.Corpus Lutum

E.Corpus Albicans

F.Primordial Follicle

G.Primary Follicle

H.Srcondary Follicle

84
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Urterus

B.Cervix

C.Rectum

D.Anus

E.Vestibule

F.Labia Majora

G.Fimbriae

H.Ovary

I.Fallopian Tube

J.Bladder

K.Urethrea

L.External Urethral Orifice

M.Clitoris

85
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Vas Deferems

B.Urethrea

C.Testes

D.Scrotum

E.Penis

86
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Urinary Bladder

B.Seminal Vesicle

C.Prostate Gland

D.Bulborethral Gland

E.Vas Deferens

F.Epidydimis

G.Testis

H.Scrotum

I.Ejaculatory Duct

J.Prostatic Urethra

K.Membranous Urethra

L.Spongy Urethra

M.Corpora Cavernosa

N.Corpus Spongiosum

O.Glans

P.Prepuce

Q.External urethral orifice

87
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Prostate

B.Prostatic Urethra

C.Corpora Caverna

D.Penis

E.Spongy Urethra

F.Prepuce

G.External Urethral Orifice/ Bladder

H.Rectum

I.Membranos Urethra

J.Anus

K.Corpus Spongiosum

L.Scrotum

M.Testis

88
Q

Name these parts

A

A.Vas Deferems

B.Head of epidydimis

C.Body of epidydimis

D.Spermatic Cord

E.Pampiniform Plexus

F.Testicular Artery

G.Tunica Albuniea

H.Seminifrous Tubules

I.Rete Testes

J.Tail of epidydimis

89
Q

Ovaries Function

A

Produce Egg

90
Q

Uterus Function

A

Area where the fetus grows & develops

91
Q

Vagina Function

A

-Also known as the birth canal

Tube through which the baby leaves the mother when being born. It is also the area where sperm is deposited

92
Q
A
93
Q

Fallopian Tubes Function

A

Connect the ovaries and the uterus and provide passage for the fertilized egg

94
Q

Mons Pubis

A

Area of adipose tissue covered by pubic hair

95
Q

Clitoris Function

A

Sensory Structure analagous to the penis

96
Q

Bartholian Gland Function

A

Secrete lubricating fluid to keep the vulva lubricated during sex

97
Q

Broad Ligament Function

A

Keeps the body of the uterus held in place

98
Q

Ovarian Ligament

A

Holds each ovary to the utereus

99
Q

Uterine Wall Layers

A
  1. Endometrium = inner wall - recieves the fertilized egg and forms the placenta
  2. Myometrium- middle layer - muscular that helps with contractions during pregnancy
  3. Perimetrium - outer layer
100
Q

Folliculogenesis

A
  1. Primordial Follicle devleops into primary follicles through stimulation of FSH
  2. Primary Follicles form layered tissue caled stratum granulosum around the ovum and becomes a Secondary Follicle
  3. Forms into a tertiary follicle
  4. One teritiary follicle matures into a graafian follicle (all others begin to break down)
  5. Ovulation occurs and the mature oocyte is released from the ovary and toward the fimbriae of the fallopian tube
  6. The now empty follicle collapses and franulosa cells divide to fill up the antrum- this follicle is now called a corpus luterm and will secrete hormones needed to ready the uterus for implantation fo the egg if it is fertilized (if not fertilized, the corpus luterum begins to shrink in a process called involution.
  7. After a few days, the corpus luteum has become a scar on the surface of the ovary called the corpus albicans.
101
Q

Corpus Albicans

A

Corpus luteum that has become a scar on the surface of a ovary

102
Q

The Ovarian Cycle

A

zThe progression of the follicle from primordial follicle to corpus albicans

103
Q

The Ovarian Cycle Phases

A
  1. Follicular Phase
  2. Ovulation
  3. Luteal Phase
104
Q

Follicular Phase

A
  • FSH is secreted from pituitary gland
  • Primordial Follicles have receptors for FSH and a number of them begin to develop in the ovary
  • Some become more matture than others and FSH will cause the granulosa cells of these to secre estradiol and increase its number of FSH receptors
  • Estradiol also causes the pituitary to stop releasing FSH (FSH release declines and allbut dominant follicle quit growing and eventually break down)
    *
105
Q

Ovulation

A
  • Estradiol begins to increase and causes LH to be released
  • LH causes a surge of follicular fluid in the mature follicle that leasds to ovulation
106
Q

Luteal Phase

A
  • Citculating LH causes the now empty follicle to become the corpus luteum
  • The corpus luteum produces estradiol and progrestone (which affects the lining of the uterus)
  • If no pregnancy, the corpus luteum becomes the corpus albicans- bc no estradiol is secreted from this, the pituitary is no longer inhibited–> FSH levels begin to rise and a new follicular phase is started
107
Q

Penis Function

A
  • The passageway for the male reproductive cells (spermatazoa or sperm) to exit the male body
108
Q

Testes

A

Produce spem

109
Q

Vas Deferens

A

Provides a connection between the testes and the penis

110
Q

Scrotum

A

Houses the testes

111
Q

Three erectile tissues

A

2 Corpus Cavernosa

1 Corpus Spongiosum

112
Q

Urethra Sections

A

Proximal to distal

  1. Prostatic Urtethra
  2. Membranous Urethra
  3. Spongy Urethra
113
Q

Semineferous Tubules

A

Area where sperm is produced within the testes

114
Q

Rete Testis

A

Channel the sperm into the epidiymis

-Some of the cells in this area contain cilia to help movve the sperm

115
Q

Epidydimis

A

Mature sperm are stored here until they are ejaculated from the body

116
Q

Leydig Cells

A

Produce Testoosterone

117
Q

Testicular Artery

A

Supplies blood to the testes

118
Q

Spermatic Cord

A

Bundles blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

-connect testes to the abdomen

119
Q

Spermatagenosis

A
  • Formation of sperm
  • -Works through meiosis and forms four cells that have the proper number of chromosomes for a reproductive cell
  • After these cells are formed they must undergo a structureal change through the prcoess of spermiogenesis
120
Q

Spermatogenesis Steps

A
  1. Sperm begin as spermatogonia (spermatogonium) that lay on the basement membrane of the semineferous tubules.As sperm form they move from the basement membrane to the lumen of the tubule
  2. When Testosterone levels are high, spermatogonium undergo mitosis and mature into primary spermatocytes
  3. Primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis I anf form 2 secondary spermatocytes
  4. Secondary Spermatocytes then mature into spermatids (these have reached the lumens)
121
Q

Soernuigenesis & Stages

A
  • The spermatids mature into spermatazoa through 4 states
    1. Golgi Stage: the spermatids change shape from being round to having polarity- at one end they start to develop a tail and the other end a head (in between there is a thicked midpiece rich in mitochondria).
    2. Next the nuclues of the cell is encased in a cap formed from the golgi apparatus. The tail now elongates. The developing sperm orient themselves with their tails toward the lumen of the tubule, ready to be shed into the tesis lumen and be trasnported throgh the testis
    3. During the final matruation phase, excess cytoplasm is phagocytizzed by cells called sertoli cells in the surrounding testis.
122
Q

Female Mature Follicle is also called______

A

Graafian Follicle

123
Q

Spleen Function

A

Lymphatic Role- fights pathogens invading the body

A&P2 (13 decks)

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