Lab Test 3 Review

Question 1

Internal forces within the planet that builds landforms

Answer 1

Endogenic processes

Question 2

External forces that simultaneously wear landforms into landscapes

Answer 2

Exogenic processes

Question 3

Factors that determine drainage patterns

Answer 3

Slope, rock resistence, climate and hydrological variability, structural controls

Question 4

Most common drainage patterns

Answer 4

Dendritic, parallel, trellis, rectangular, and radial

Question 5

How is a floodplain formed?

Answer 5

During high stream flow

Question 6

How is an oxbow lake formed?

Answer 6

When a meander is removed from the river’s current

Question 7

The breakdown of materials

Answer 7

Weathering

Question 8

The transport of weathered materials to different locations

Answer 8

Erosion

Question 9

Types of physical weathering

Answer 9

Frost wedging, salt-crystal growth, exfoliation

Question 10

Types of chemical weathering

Answer 10

Hydration and hydrolysis, oxidation, dissolution of carbonates

Question 11

Karst equation

Answer 11

H20+CO2=H2C03

Water+Carbon Dioxide=Carbonic Acid

Question 12

Formed by magma upwelling in Earth’s crust and flowing as lava across Earth’s surface

Answer 12

Igneous rocks

Question 13

Formed by weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, and lithification of igenous, metamorphic, or other sedimentary rock

Answer 13

Sedimentary rocks

Question 14

Created through deformation of igneous and sedimentary rocks

Answer 14

Metamorphic rocks

Question 15

Mixture of minerals bound together from heat and/or pressure

Answer 15

Rocks

Question 16

Natural compound, inorganic, solid, crystalline structure, specific chemical makeup

Answer 16

Minerals

Question 17

REVIEW THE ROCK CYCLE

Answer 17

1. Igneous rock from magma
2. Weathering and erosion
3. Transport and deposition
4. Sedimentation
5. Compaction and cementation
6. Burial, high temperatures and pressures
7. Metamorphic rock
8. Melting into magma

Question 18

Cools slowly inside the earth, rocks with large crystals

Answer 18

Intrusive igneous rocks

Question 19

Cools quickly outside the earth, rocks with small crystals

Answer 19

Extrusive igneous rocks

Question 20

The compaction, cementation, and hardening of sediments into sedimentary rock

Answer 20

Lithification

Question 21

Rotating, solid iron sphere, very hot

Answer 21

Inner core

Question 22

Circulating, liquid mix of iron and nickel that generates 90% of earth’s magnetic field

Answer 22

Outer core

Question 23

Dense, rigid, hot layer of rock

Answer 23

Lower mantle

Question 24

Dense, rigid, cooler layer of rock

Answer 24

Upper mantle

Question 25

Weak, plastic layer responsible for plate tectonics

Answer 25

Athenosphere

Question 26

Cool, rigid layer beneath the crust

Answer 26

Uppermost mantle

Question 27

Thin, very rigid, coolest layer

Answer 27

Crust

Question 28

What two elements account for nearly 75% of the crust?

Answer 28

Oxygen and silicon

Question 29

More dense but thinner, composed of basalt, granular, high in silica, magnesium, and iron

Answer 29

Oceanic crust

Question 30

Less dense but thicker, composed of granite, crystalline, high in silica, aluminum, potassium, calcium, and sodium

Answer 30

Continental crust

Question 31

The balance between buoyancy and gravitational force, elevations of continents and depths of oceans is determined by vertical movements in the earth's crust

Answer 31

Isostasy

Question 32

Plate boundary in which two plates are moving toward one another

Answer 32

Convergent

Question 33

Plate boundary where plates are moving away from one another

Answer 33

Divergent

Question 34

Plate boundary where two plates grind past one another laterally

Answer 34

Transform (strike slip)

Question 35

What created the Hawaiian islands?

Answer 35

Hotspot volcanoes

Question 36

The study of earth's internal structure by analyzing seismic waves; can be used to infer geologic structures or understand the scale of magma chambers beneath volcanoes

Answer 36

Seismic tomography

Question 37

Locations of volcanic activity

Answer 37

1. Along subduction zone boundaries at continental-oceanic and oceanic-oceanic convergences 2. Along spreading sea floors and rift valleys 3. At hot spots caused by upwelling magma plumes form the lower mantle

Question 38

Soil horizon: large amounts of dead plant and/or animal residue, forests

Answer 38

O: Organic or humus

Question 39

Soil horizon: dark colored layer rich in fine clay

Answer 39

A: Topsoil

Question 40

Soil horizon: lighter in color and comprised of sand and coarse silt particles

Answer 40

E: Eluviation layer

Question 41

Soil horizon: accumulation of materials leached from above, oxides gives red and yellow hues

Answer 41

B: Subsoil

Question 42

Soil horizon: in sedimentary deposits, lacks biological activity

Answer 42

C: Parent material

Question 43

Soil horizon: parent material in bedrock landscapes

Answer 43

R: Bedrock

Question 44

What are the 6 soil characteristics?

Answer 44

Color, texture, structure, consistency, porosity, and permeability

Question 45

Self-regulating association of living plants and animals and their nonliving physical environment

Answer 45

Ecosystem

Question 46

Study of the distribution of plants and animals, the diverse spatial patterns they create, and the physical and biological processes, past and present, that produce earth's species richness

Answer 46

Biogeography

Question 47

What is the role of plants in interpreting physical conditions?

Answer 47

Plants are the most visible part of the biotic landscape and help control it

Question 48

What are some factors that determine biome characteristics?

Answer 48

Soil composition, amount of water and inorganic nutrients, altitude, latitude, climate, proximity to water

Question 49

What are the 6 major vegetation groups?

Answer 49

Forest, savanna, grassland, shrubland, desert, and tundra

Question 50

Biome: thick canopy cover, only about 1% of sunlight reaches the forest floor, infertile soils that can support plant growth, most biodiversity, always warm

Answer 50

Tropical rainforest

Question 51

Biome: low and erratic rainfall, transitional area between rainforests and tropical grasslands, always warm

Answer 51

Tropical seasonal forest and scrub

Question 52

Biome: large expanses of grassland interrupted by trees and shrubs, drought resistant plants due to rainfall variability

Answer 52

Tropical savannah

Question 53

Biome: humid subtropical, humid continental, cold season, eastern US and eastern China

Answer 53

Midlatitude broadleaf and mixed forest

Question 54

Biome: subarctic humid continental, short summers and cold winters, southern Canada

Answer 54

Needleleaf forest and montane forest

Question 55

Biome: thick, diverse vegetation form the canopy to the forest floor, marine west coast, mild summer and winter

Answer 55

Temperate rainforest

Question 56

Biome: short shrubs, drought adapted, meditteranean, hot dry summers and cool winters

Answer 56

Mediterranean shrubland

Question 57

Biome: tall grass prairies and shortgrass steppes, major agricultural areas, hot summer, midwest

Answer 57

Midlatitude grasslands

Question 58

Biome: bare ground graduating into xerophytic plants, arid desert

Answer 58

Warm desert and semidesert

Question 59

Biome: short grass and dry shrubs, semiarid steppe, high elevation with low moisture

Answer 59

Cold desert and semidesert

Question 60

Biome: treeless, sedges, mosses, lichens, short grasses, tundra, frozen, poor drainage in the summer

Answer 60

Arctic and alpine tundra

Question 61

Analyzes and describes landforms-- their orgin, evolution, and spatial distribution

Answer 61

Geomorphology