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Bio110 > Lab test for Chapters 7,8,9 > Flashcards

Lab test for Chapters 7,8,9 Flashcards

(225 cards)

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1
Q

where is the thymus located

A

anterior to heart and posterior to the sternum

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2
Q

where is the pancrease located

A

posterior to the stomach

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3
Q

where are the adrenal glands located

A

the superior surface of each kidney

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4
Q

where is thyroid gland located

A

in the anterior neck just inferior to the voice box

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5
Q

the middle layer of the meninges, had weblike extensions attach to the inner layer, the pia mater

A

arachnoid mater

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6
Q

what is short highly branched cytoplasmic extensions that conduct signoals toward the cell body

A

dendrites

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7
Q

what are the meninges layers, 3 connective tissue membranes covering and protecting brain and spinal cord

A

dura mater-very tough
arachnoid mater
pia mater-on surface on brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

double-layered external covering
separates to form dural sinuses filled with venus blood

A

dura mater

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9
Q

middle layer
web-like

A

arachnoid mater

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10
Q

clings to surface of brain and spinal cord
contain superficial blood vessels

A

pia mater

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11
Q

space between arachnoid and pia mater filled with cerebrospinal fluid

A

subarachnoid space

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12
Q

what covers brain and spinal cord?

A

meninges

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13
Q

what is space between meninges surrounding spinal cord and bones of the vertebral canal, filled with adipose tissue and loose connective tissue

A

epidural space
space surround the dura mater

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14
Q

4 interconnected cavities within brain filled with CSF

A

ventricles
(2lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricles)

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15
Q

what structure makes cerebrospinal fluid

A

choroid plexus

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16
Q

functional anatomy of brain

A

weighs about 3lbs
contains about 100billion multipolar neurons
4major portions

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17
Q

what are the 4 major portions for the brain

A

cerebrum (central hemispheres)
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebellum

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18
Q

regions of the brain to label

A

cerebral hemisphere
diencephalon
cerebellum
brain stem

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19
Q

includes more than half of the brain mass
3main regions-gray matter

A

cerebrum

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20
Q

what is the thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the brain called

A

cerebral cortex

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21
Q

midsaggital line that divides the cerebrum into 2 hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissure

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22
Q

fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes
surface lobes of the cerebrum

A

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temportal lobe

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23
Q

involved in problem solving; working memory;judgment and language comprehension region

A

in frontal lobe

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24
Q

primary somatic sensory area, receives and interprets impulses from the body’s sensory receptors; also a speech/language region

A

parietal lobe

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25
vision area in the cerebrum, everything involved with vision
occipital lobe
26
which lobe of the brain is involved in problem solving
frontal lobe
27
olfaction (smell), hearing area of the cerebrum
temporal lobe
28
what is the largest fiber tract that connects hemispheres of the cerebrum
corpus callosum
29
what sits on top of the brain stem, enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres, main parts thalamus and hypothalamus deep to 2 cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon
30
the relay station for sensory impulses; transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation what surrounds the third ventricle;
thalamus
31
below the thalamus, important autonomic nervous system center; helps regulate body temp, controls water balance, regulates metabolism; important part of the limbic system (emotions); regulates secretions of hormones from pituitary gland
hypothalamus
32
which part of the brain is a relay station for sensory information
thalamus
33
mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers; reflex centers for vision and hearing in the brain stem
midbrain
34
mostly fiber tracts; modifies activity of respiratory centers in the medulla
pons
35
the lowest part of the brain stem; merges into spinal cord (has tracts); contains important control centers
medulla oblongata
36
what important control centers that control heart rate ; blood pressure regulation ;breathing (respiratory center-set basic rate and depth of breathing); swallowing and vomiting
medulla oblongata
37
coordinates skeletal muscle activity; helps maintain posture; balance and equilibrium
cerebellum
38
slender column of nerve fibers (tracts) and neurons; functions as center for spinal reflexes surface anatomy-occipital bone to the 1st ot 2nd lumbar vertebra
spinal cord
39
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the spinal cord
31pairs
40
what is a collection of spinal roots or cluster of nerve roots at the inferior end of the spinal cord
cauda equina
41
a deep groove; on the front surface of spinal cord; anterior on the midline
anterior median fissure
42
shallow groove on the midline on the posterior spinal cord
posterior median sulcus
43
Label areas
Central canal Gray commissary Dorsal (posterior)horn of gray matter Ventral (anterior) horn of gray matter
44
which type of matter is on the exterior of spinal cord
exterior white matter
45
sensory fibers; cell bodies of these neurons found in the dorsal root ganglia
dorsal (posterior) roots
46
contains motor fibers; cell bodies of these motor neurons are found in the anterior horn
ventral (anterior) roots
47
what type of fiber is located in the posterior roots
sensory fibers
48
what conducts signal away from cell body toward axon terminal
axon
49
membrane potential becomes more positive or less negative
depolarization
50
what is the end of axon called
axon terminal
51
what is the specialized RER found in a neuron
nissl substance
52
what are the phagocytic cells found in CNS called
microglia
53
brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
54
form myelin sheath in PNS
schwann cells
55
conduction of an action potential in a myelinated axon
saltatory conduction
56
rapid, involuntary, predictable response to stimulus
reflex
57
glial cells that help circulate CSF
ependymal cells
58
protein on postsynaptic membrane that binds neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter receptor
59
membrane potential returns to resting values
repolarization
60
part of a neuron that sends incoming signals toward cell body
dendrites
61
cluster of neuronal cell bodies found within the CNS
nucleus
62
structure of most common sensory neuron
unipolar
63
found completely with the CNS connecting neurons together
interneurons
64
glial cells that control chemical environment of the brain
astrocytes
65
ion that enters cell causing depolarization
sodium ion
66
junction between 2 neurons
synapse
67
region of any axon where an action potential is initiated
trigger zone
68
gaps in the myelin sheath along axon
nodes of ranvier
69
membrane potential at which an action potential is generated
threshhold potential
70
neuron with many extensions from cell body
multipolar neuron
71
collection of neuronal cell bodies located within the PNS
ganglion
72
part of the ANS that takes care of housekeeping activities
parasympathetic nervous system
73
contains vital centers for breathing, heart rate and blood pressure
medulla oblongata
74
location of cell bodies of motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle
anterior horn
75
midline groove on anterior surface of the spinal cord
anterior median fissure
76
lobe deep to ear
temporal lobe
77
connective tissue that surrounds a nerve
epineurium
78
collection of nerve roots that hangs from the inferior spinal cord
cauda equina
79
coordinates skeletal muscle activity; balance and coordination
cerebellum
80
region of the brain involved in vision
occipital lobe
81
space between arachnoid and pia mater
subarachnoid space
82
region of brain involved in problems solving and voluntary control of skeletal muscle
frontal lobe
83
region of the brain that interprets most body sensations
parietal lobe
84
Dendrite
85
Nucleus
86
Cell body
87
Axon hillock
88
Schwann cell
89
Axon terminal
90
Dura mater
91
Pia mater
92
Longitudinal fissure
93
Longitudinal fissure
94
Cerebral cortex
95
Transverse fissure
96
Lateral ventricle
97
Lateral ventricle
98
Third ventricle
99
Fourth ventricle
100
Fourth ventricle
101
Frontal lobe
102
Parietal lobe
103
Occipital lobe
104
Lateral sulcus
105
Temporal lobe
106
Cerebellum
107
Corpus callosum
108
Corpus callosum
109
Thalamus
110
Hypothalamus
111
Hypothalamus
112
Midbrain
113
Midbrain
114
Pons
115
Pons
116
Pons
117
Medulla oblongata
118
Medulla oblongata
119
Medulla oblongata
120
Pituitary gland
121
Pituitary gland
122
Epidural space
123
Dura mater
124
Arachnid mater
125
Subarachnoid space
126
Pia mater
127
Anterior median fissure
128
Posterior horn
129
Anterior horn
Anterior horn
130
White matter
131
White matter
132
Posterior horn
133
Anterior root
134
Dorsal root ganglion
135
Posterior root
136
Central canal
137
Spinal nerve
138
Dorsal root ganglion
139
Anterior roots
140
Spinal nerve
141
Posterior horn
142
Anterior horn
143
Anterior median fissure
144
Cauda equina
145
Pituitary gland
146
Lacrimal gland
147
Lacrimal canaliculus
148
Lacrimal canaliculus
149
Lacrimal sac
150
Nasolacrimal duct
151
External eye muscle
152
Optic nerve
153
Optic chiasm
154
Sclera
155
Cornea
156
Choroid
157
Auricle
158
External acoustic meatus
159
Tympanic membrane
160
Tympanic membrane
161
Tympanic cavity
162
Malleus
163
Malleus
164
Incus
165
Incus
166
Stapes
167
Stapes
168
Stapes
169
Pharyngotympanic tube
170
Oval window
171
Oval window
172
Round window
173
Vestibule
174
Scala vestibuli
175
Semicircular canal
176
Semicircular canal
177
Cochlea and semicircular canal
178
Cochlea
179
Cochlea
180
Cochlear duct
181
Scala vestibuli (top) Scala tympani (bottom)
182
Vestibular membrane
183
Vestibular membrane
184
Basilar membrane
185
Basilar membrane
186
Spiral organ
187
Tectorial membrane
188
Label all parts ignore black arrow
Perilymph
189
Endolymph
190
Conjunctiva
191
Cornea (pic above) Lacrimal gland Sclera Cornea
192
Sclera Cornea
193
Choroid External eye muscle Optic chiasm Optic nerve Cornea
194
External eye muscle
195
Lacrimal gland Lacrimal sac Lacrimal canaliculus Nasolacrimal duct
196
External eye muscles Lacrimal gland
197
Optic nerve
198
Optic chiasm
199
Vitreous humor
200
Aqueous humor and vitreous humor
201
Ciliary body
202
Ciliary zonules (suspensory ligaments) Lens
203
Lens
204
Iris and pupil
205
Optic disc Fovea centralis Retina
206
Optic disc
207
Fovea centralis
208
Central sulcus
209
Cerebral hemisphere
210
Lateral sulcus
211
Dura mater Arachnid space Subarachnoid space Pia mater
212
Blue covering on schwann cell over myelin sheath
Endoneurium
213
Red spot btwn s & k
Pineal gland
214
Third ventricle
215
Lateral sulcus
216
Posterior horn
217
Ciliary body
218
Suspensory ligament
219
Vitreous humor
220
Fovea centralis
221
Optic disc
222
Pharyngotympanic tube
223
Vestibule
224
Scala vestibuli Scala tympani Cochlear duct
225
Tectorial membrane Vestibular membrane

Bio110 (11 decks)

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