Lab tests Flashcards
(47 cards)
38 yo female presents to urgent care with a 2 day history of pain with urination (dysuria) and cloudy urine. What would you expect to be positive on a urine dipstick? Glucose Bilirubin Protein Leukocyte esterase
Leukocyte esterase
20 yo male went hiking in the mountains in july. Planned for a 2 hour hike and ended up spending 5 hours in the sun. what would you expect to find on a urinalysis? High specific gravity Blood Glucose Bilirubin
high specific gravity
65 yo male with a history of alcoholic liver disease presents to the clinic with fatigue. His friends tell him his skin and the whites of his eyes look more orange in color. Based off of this history, what would you expect to be elevated on a CMP? AST, ALT, total bilirubin, BUN AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin AST, BUN, creatinine, total bilirubin ALT, Sodium, creatinine, potassium
AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin
56 yo male presents to ER fatigued and c/o very dark urine. He was hiking in the mountains and lost his way on the trail. He ended up outside for 8 hours and planned for only 2 hours. His urine dipstick has a high specific gravity, you are concerned with dehydration and acute renal failure, what levels would you expect to be elevated on a CMP? Calcium Chloride BUN Bilirubin
BUN
57 yo presents to the clinic with polydipsia and polyuria. A CMP reveals Na+ 138, K+ 4.0, Ca2+ 9.2, and glucose of 310, what is it? Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Hypernatremia Hyponatremia Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Hypercalcemia hypocalcemia
hyperglycemia
75 yo female is post op day 2 after hip replacement. She hasn’t been eating/drinking much and is still on fluids (normal saline), she continues to be weak and is more irritable. A CMP reveals, Na+ 155, K+ 4.0, Ca2+ 9.3, and glucose of 95, what is it? Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Hypernatremia Hyponatremia Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Hypercalcemia hypocalcemia
hypernatremia
Why?
because not drinking enough and because of saline
65 yo female with stage IV breast cancer develops nausea, vomiting, and confusion. A CMP reveals, Na+ 138, K+ 4.0, Ca2+ 12.5, and glucose of 95, what is it? Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Hypernatremia Hyponatremia Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Hypercalcemia hypocalcemia
hypercalcemia
How do you identify a patient with thrombocytosis?
Platelet count > 440,000/ uL
How do you identify a patient with thrombocytopenia?
Platelet count < 140,000/ uL
how do you identify a patient with leukocytosis?
WBC > 11 x 10^3/uL
also look for neutropenia
How do you identify a patient with leukopenia?
WBC < 5 x 10^3/uL
also look at neutrophil count
What do you look at on a CBC to evaluate for anemia?
MCV (mean corpuscular volume)
How do you identify a patient with macrocytic anemia?
MCV > 100
blood cell is larger than normal
How do you identify a patient with microcytic anemia?
MCV < 80
does not hold enough fluid=not the right size
usually iron related
how do you identify a patient with normocytic anemia?
MCV 80-100
traumatic or acute bleeding
What are the normal hematocrit levels and hemoglobin levels for an adult MALE <60
Hct- 41%-53%
Hgb- 14-18 g/dL
What are the normal hematocrit levels and hemoglobin levels for an adult FEMALE <60
Hct- 36%-48%
Hgb- 12-16 g/dL
What is the function of a platelet?
stop bleeding
What is thrombocytosis?
too many platelets.
reaction to infection or bone marrow disease
what is thrombocytopenia?
too few platelets
What does the CMP examine?
Kidney function Liver function Blood sugar Electrolytes Acid/base balance
What are the components of a CMP?
Glucose Sodium Potassium Calcium Chloride Carbon dioxide Creatinine BUN Albumin Total protein Total bilirubin ALP AST ALT
What is normal fasting glucose?
70-99
Clinical symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Weight loss
