Maxilla Zygomatic bone Frontal bone Temporal bone Sphenoid bone Parietal bone Occipital bone Ethmoid bone Sutures Other Landmarks

Mastoid process Styloid process External acoustic meatus Mandibular fossa Zygomatic process

Occipital condyle Foramen magnum Superior nuchal line Inferior nuchal line External occipital protuberance

Coronal Sagittal Lambdoid Squamous

Lab Unit 02: Head & Brain Flashcards by Claudia Kistler

Masseter (Moore 922)

• Origin (PA): Inferior border and medial surface of maxillary process of zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch.
• Insertion (DA): Angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible.
• Nerve: CN V3 Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (via masseteric nerve).
• Action:
- Closing jaw by elevating mandible.
- Superficial fibers may make limited contribution to protrusion of mandible.

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Temporalis – (Moore 922)

• Origin (PA):
Temporal fossa
+ temporal fascia.
• Insertion (DA):
Coronoid process
+ anterior border of ramus of mandible.
• Nerve: CN V3 Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (via deep temporal branches).
- Action:
- Closing jaw by elevating mandible.
- Posterior fibers are primary retractors of the mandible.

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Medial Pterygoid – (Moore 992)

• Origin (PA):
Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
+ pyramidal process of palatine bone
+ tuberosity of the maxilla.
• Insertion (DA): Medial surface of ramus of mandible.
• Nerve: CN V3 Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (via medial pterygoid nerve).
• Action:
- Elevates mandible
- Contributes to protrusion
- Alternate unilateral activity produces smaller grinding movements.

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Lateral Pterygoid – (Moore 922)

• Origin (PA):
Infratemporal surface
+ crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid
+ lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
• DA:
- Superior: articular capsule and disk.
- Inferior: pterygoid fovea on neck of condyloid process of mandible.
• Nerve: CN V3 Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (via lateral pterygoid nerve).
• Action:
- Inferior: Bilaterally: protracts mandible and depresses chin.
- Unilaterally: lateral deviation to the contralateral side.
- Alternate unilateral contraction produces larger lateral chewing movements.

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Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (RCP Major) – (Moore 493, 494)

• Origin: SP C2.
• Insertion: Lateral aspect of the inferior nuchal line.
• Nerve: PR C1 (Suboccipital nerve).
• Action:
   - Extends head
   - Ipsilateral rotation.

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Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor (RCP Minor) – (Moore 493, 494)

• Origin: Posterior tubercle of C1.
• Insertion: Medial aspect of inferior nuchal line.
• Nerve: PR C1 (Suboccipital nerve).
• Action:
   - Extends head
   - Ipsilateral rotation.

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Obliquus Capitis Superior – (Moore 493,494)

• Origin: TP C1.
• Insertion: Between superior & inferior nuchal lines.
• Nerve: PR C1 (Suboccipital nerve).
• Action:
   - Extension of the head
   - Lateral flexion of the head.

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Obliquus Capitis Inferior – (Moore 493, 494)

• Origin: Posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C2.
• Insertion: TP C1.
• Nerve: PR C1 (Suboccipital nerve).
• Action:
   - Rotates atlas
   - Turns the head ipsilaterally.

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Skull

Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Frontal bone
Temporal bone
Sphenoid bone
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Ethmoid bone
Sutures
Other Landmarks

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Temporal bone

Mastoid process
Styloid process
External acoustic meatus
Mandibular fossa
Zygomatic process

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Sphenoid

• Sella turcica “turkish saddle”

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Occipital bone

Occipital condyle
Foramen magnum
Superior nuchal line
Inferior nuchal line
External occipital protuberance

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Ethmoid bone

Cribriform plate

* Crista galli

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Sutures

Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
Squamous

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Other Landmarks on the skull

Bregma
Pterion
Lambda
Asterion
Glabella
Nasion

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Temporomadibular Joint (TMJ)

• Mandible

Ramus
Angle
Body
Condylar process
Coronoid process
Mental foramen
Mental protuberance

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Foramina of Cranial Base – (Netter 13)

Foramen of cribiform plate
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Foramen lacerum
Carotid canal
Internal acoustic meatus
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal canal
Foramen magnum

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Foramen of cribifrom plate

Olfactory nerve bundles

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Optic canal

Study These Flashcards

Optic nerve

Superior orbital fissure

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CN III Occulomotor
CN IV Trochlear
CN V1 Ophthalmic division of Trigeminal nerve
CN VI Abducens

Foramen rotundum

Study These Flashcards

CN V2 Maxillary division of Trigeminal nerve

Foramen ovale

Study These Flashcards

CN V3 Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve

Foramen spinosum

Study These Flashcards

Middle meningeal artery & vein

Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve

Foramen lacerum

Study These Flashcards

Greater petrosal nerve

Carotid canal

Internal carotid artery

Internal acoustic meatus

CN VII Facial | CN VIII Vestibulocochlear

Jugular foramen

CN IX Glossopharyngeal CN X Vagus CN XI Spinal Accessory Internal jugular vein

Hypoglossal canal

CN XII Hypoglossal nerve

Foramne magnum

``` Medulla oblongata Meninges Vertebral arteries Meningeal branches of vertebral arteries Spinal roots of CN XI Spinal Accessory ```

Brain -- General

* Corpus Callosum * Substantia nigra * Mammillary bodies * Optic tract * Optic chiasm * Internal capsule * Thalamus * Hippocampus * Caudate nucleus * Putamen * Globus pallidus * Superior colliculus * Inferior colliculus

Corpus Callosum

* Genu * Rostrum * Trunk * Splenium

Brain -- General

Corpus Callosum

* Genu * Rostrum * Trunk * Splenium

Cerebral Hemispheres

* Sulci * Gyri * Lobes * White matter * Gray matter

Sulci

* Central sulcus | * Lateral sulcus

Gyri

* Pre-central gyrus | * Post-central gyrus

Lobes

* Frontal * Parietal * Temporal * Occipital

Cerebellum

``` • Vermis • Anterior lobe • Posterior lobe • Flocculonodular lobe • Tonsil • Cerebellar peduncle (attachment site as a whole, NOT specific peduncles) ```

Pons

• Cerebellar peduncle

Medulla

* Olives * Pyramids * Decussation of pyramids

Ventricular Sysem

* Choroid plexus * Lateral ventricles * Interventricular foramen/Foramen of Monroe * 3rd ventricle * Cerebral aqueduct * 4th ventricle * Median Aperture(Foramen of Magendie) * Lateral Apertures(Foramen of Luschka) * Superior sagittal sinus * Transverse sagittal sinus

Flow of CSF through the ventricular system

CSF is secreted by choroidal epithelial cells of the choroid plexuses in the lateral, 3rd & 4th ventricles. CSF leaves lateral ventricles - -> interventricular foramina - -> 3rd ventricle --> cerebral aqueduct - -> 4th ventricle - -> single median aperture - -> paired lateral apertures - -> some CSF leaves 4th ventricle through subarachnoid space - -> most CSF --> interpenduncular cisterns --> flows thorugh sulci + fissures on the medial and superolateral surfaces of subarachnoid space

Ventricular Sysem

* Lateral ventricles * Interventricular foramen/Foramen of Monroe * 3rd ventricle * Cerebral aqueduct * 4th ventricle * Lateral Aperture(Foramen of Luschka) * Median Aperture(Foramen of Magendie) * Choroid plexus * Superior sagittal sinus * Transverse sagittal sinus

Flow of CSF through the ventricular system

CSF leaves lateral ventricles --> interventricular foramina --> 3rd ventricle --> cerebral aqueduct -->

Cricle of Willis

* Internal Carotid Arteries (ICA) * Anterior Cerebral Arteries (ACA) * Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA) * Anterior Communicating Artery * Vertebral Arteries * Basilar Artery * Posterior Cerebral Arteries * Posterior Communicating Arteries

Sub-occipital Triangle

Region of the neck bounded by the following three muscles of the suboccipital group of muscles: ``` • Rectus capitis posterior major - above and medially • Obliquus capitis superior - above and laterally • Obliquus capitis inferior - below and laterally ```

Impairments associated with Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA)

May effect vision, cognition, or the motor function of parts of the body previously controlled by the now-damaged (ischemic area of the brain.

Lab Unit 02: Head & Brain Flashcards

(47 cards)