Lab Values

Question 1

What are the two types of sodium imbalances

Answer 1

HYPERNATREMIA: >145mmol/L

HYPONATREMIA: < 135mmol/L

Question 2

Normal sodium levels

Answer 2

136 - 145mmol/L

Question 3

Risk factors of sodium imbalance

Answer 3

Increased or decreased sodium intake

Loss of fluids & increased sodium excretion (diarrhoea, vomit, diaphoresis)

Decreased sodium excretion due to kidney problems

Question 4

Treatment for Hypernatremia due to hypovolaemia (water deficit) ?

Answer 4

IV Sodium Chloride 0.9% infusions

Question 5

Treatment for hyponatremia resulting from hypervolaemia (excess fluid) ?

Answer 5

Loop diuretics

Water intake restrictions

Question 6

The two types of potassium imbalance ?

Answer 6

HYPERKALEMIA: > 5.5mmol/L

HYPOKALEMKA: < 3.5mmol/L

Question 7

What is a normal potassium Level?

Answer 7

3.5 - 5.5 mol/L

Question 8

Major sign and symptom of potassium imbalance

Answer 8

Cardiac Dysrhythmias - ECG CHANGES

Question 9

Potassium and sodium are opposites, so a high Na indicates ..

Answer 9

Low K+

Question 10

What are the two types of calcium imbalance

Answer 10

HYPERCALCEMIA: > 11 mol/L

HYPOCALCEMIA: < 9 mmol/L

Question 11

Two types of magnesium imbalance ?

Answer 11

HYPERMAGNESEMIA: > 2.5 mmol/L

HYPOMAGNESEMIA: < 1.5 mmol/L

Question 12

Symptoms of HYPERMAGNESEMIA?

Answer 12

LOW EVERYTHING (SEDATED)

Low energy (drowsiness, coma)
Low HR, RR and BP
Shallow respirations
Little Bowel sounds

Question 13

Symptoms of HYPOMAGNESEMIA?

Answer 13

HIGH EVERYTHING

high HR, BP
Increased tendon reflex
Shallow respiration’s
Twitching
Irritability and confusion

Question 14

What does ABG show?

Answer 14

arterial blood gas measure the balance of oxygen and co2 in blood to study lung functioning.

It contains: arterial blood pH, PaCO2, HCO3, SaO2

Question 15

Normal values in ABG

Answer 15

Arterial blood pH: 7.35 - 7.45

PaCO2 acid (partial pressure of Co2 in arterial blood) - 35 - 45 mmHg

HCO3 basic (bicarbonate) - 21 - 28 mmol/L

SaO2 (oxygen sat) - 95-100%

PaO2 (partial pressure O2 in arterial blood) - 80 - 100 mmHg

Question 16

What does an uncompensated ABG look like ?

Answer 16

pH abnormal
PaCO2 or HCO3 abnormal

Question 17

What does a fully compensated ABG look like ?

Answer 17

pH Normal
PaCO2 AND HCO3 abnormal

Question 18

What is respiratory acidosis ?

Answer 18

State of decreased ventilation which increase concentration of CO2 in blood and decrease blood pH

PACO2 ( ACID) abnormality signify respiratory acidosis

Question 19

What is metabolic acidosis?

Answer 19

Too much acid accumulated in the blood due to kidney disease

Question 20

If patients pH 7.35 and PaCO2 > 45
Is it metabolic or respiratory ?

ACIDOSIS NORMAL ALKALOSIS

pH 7.35

PaCO2 >45 HCO3 >28

Answer 20

Respiratory acidosis

Question 21

IS IT METABOLIC OR RESPIRATORY?

ACIDOSIS NORMAL ALKALOSIS

                                                   pH 7.5        

PaCO2 >45 HCO3 >28

Answer 21

Metabolic

Because pH and HCO3 is in same column

Question 22

Normal Haemoglobin Levels ?

Answer 22

Male: 138 - 172g/L
Female: 121 - 151g/L

Question 23

Normal Haematocrit % ?

Answer 23

Percentage of RBC in total blood volume

45%

Question 24

Normal range of WBC?

Answer 24

4500 - 11000 WBC per Micro litre of blood

Question 25

Normal RBC count ?

Answer 25

4-6 million cells per micro litre