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Essentials of Pathophysiology > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

Glucose

A

Sugar in the blood

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2
Q

Glucose value

A

70-99 mg/dl

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3
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

excess insulin,
liver disease,
adrenal insufficiency

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4
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

excess glucose,
diabetes/pre,
hyperthyroidism
pancreatitis

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5
Q

Sodium

A

An electrolyte and mineral

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6
Q

Sodium lab value

A

136-144 mEq/L

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7
Q

Hyponatremia

A

low sodium,
use of diuretics,
diarrhea,
adrenal insufficiency

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8
Q

Hypernatremia

A

excess sodium,
Kidney dysfunction, dehydration,
Cushing’s Syndrome

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9
Q

Potassium

A

An electrolyte and mineral

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10
Q

Potassium lab value

A

3.7-5.2 mEq/L

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11
Q

Hypokalemia

A

low potassium use of diuretics or corticosteroids (such as prednisone or cortisone)

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12
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

high potassium
Acute or chronic renal failure, Addison’s Disease,
Diabetes,
Dehydration

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13
Q

Chloride

A

An electrolyte

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14
Q

Chloride lab value

A

96-106 mmol/L

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15
Q

Hypo-Chloride

A

Emphysema, chronic lung diseases

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16
Q

Hyper-Chloride

A

Dehydration,
Cushings syndrome,
kidney disease

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17
Q

CO2

A

gaseous waste product from metabolism

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18
Q

Hypo-CO2

A

Kidney disease,
certain toxic exposures,
severe infection

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19
Q

Hyper-CO2

A

Kidney disease,

certain toxic exposures, severe infection

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20
Q

BUN - Blood urea nitrogen

A

waste product formed in liver carried to kidneys,

filtered out of blood excreted thru urine

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21
Q

BUN - Blood urea nitrogen Lab value

A

7-20 mg/dl

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22
Q

Hypo-Blood urea nitrogen

A

malnutrition

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23
Q

Hyper-Blood urea nitrogen

A

liver or kidney disease,

heart failure

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24
Q

Creatinine

A

chemical waste produced by muscle metabolism

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25
Creatinine lab value
.8-1.4 mg/dl
26
Hypo-creatinine
low muscle mass, | malnutrition
27
Hyper-creatinine
chronic or temporary decrease in kidney function
28
BUN-creatinine ratio
10:1-20:1
29
Hypo-BUN-creatinine ratio
malnutrition
30
Hyper-BUN-creatinine raio
Blood in bowels, | Kidney obstruction, dehydration
31
Calcium
mineral stored in hard part of bones
32
Calcium lab value
8.5-10.9 mg/dl
33
Hypocalcemia
calcium, or Vit D deficiency; malnutrition pancreatitis; neurological disorders
34
Hypercalcemia
Kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism, cancer, excess Vit D intake
35
Protein
chains of AA essential for the growth and repair of cells
36
Protein lab value
6.3-7.9 g/dl
37
Hypo-protein
Malnutrition, | liver or kidney disease
38
Hyper-protein
Dehydration, | Liver or kidney disease, multiple myeloma
39
Albumin
Protein that keeps fluid from leaking out of blood vessels and that nourishes tissues and transports nutrients through the body
40
Albumin lab value
3.9-5.0 g/dl
41
Hypo-albumin
Liver or kidney disease, malnutrition
42
Hyper-albumin
dehydration
43
Bilirubin
pigment in bile, | digestive fluid produced by the liver
44
Bilirubin lab value
.2-1.9 mg/dl
45
Hypo-Bilirubin
not a concern
46
Hyper-Bilirubin
Liver disease, bile duct disorder, or red cell destruction
47
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Enzyme found in liver and bones
48
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) lab values
44-147 IU/L
49
Hypo-Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
malnutrition
50
Hyper-Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Paget’s disease or certain cancers that spread to bone, bile duct obstruction, liver cancer
51
Alanine amino- transferase (ALT)
Enzyme found mostly in the liver
52
Alanine amino- transferase (ALT) lab value
8-37 IU/L
53
Hypo-Alanine amino- transferase (ALT)
not a concern
54
Hyper-Alanine amino- transferase (ALT)
Certain toxins such as excess acetaminophen or alcohol, hepatitis
55
Aspartate amino- transferase (AST)
Enzyme found mostly in the liver, muscle and other tissues
56
Aspartate amino- transferase (AST) lab value
10-34 IU/L
57
Hypo-Aspartate amino- transferase (AST)
not a concern
58
Hyper-Aspartate amino- transferase (AST)
Excess acetaminophen or alcohol, hepatitis, Muscle injury
59
WBC
defend the body against infection
60
WBC lab value
4,500- 10,000 cells/mcl
61
Hypo-WBC
Neutropenia/Leukopenia- Autoimmune illness, bone marrow failure, chemotherapy, viral infections
62
Hyper-WBC
Leukocytosis-Infection, cancer leukemia, intense exercise, stress corticosteroids
63
RBC
Red blood cells pick up oxygen from the blood and deliver it to tissues throughout the body
64
RBC Male lab value
4.7- 6.1 Mill/mcl
65
RBC Female lab value
4.2-5.4 Mill/mcl
66
Hypo-RBC
Iron, Vitamin B12, or folate deficiency, bone marrow damage
67
Hyper-RBC
Dehydration, renal problems, pulmonary or congenital heart disease
68
Hemoglobin
Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells
69
Hemoglobin male lab value
13.8- 17.2 g/dl
70
Hemoglobin female lab value
12.1-15.1 g/dl
71
Hypo-Hemoglobin
Iron, Vitamin B12, or folate deficiency, bone marrow damage
72
Hyper-Hemoglobin
Dehydration, renal problems, pulmonary or congenital heart disease
73
Hematocrit
The percentage of red blood cells in the blood
74
Hematocrit male lab value
40.7%- 50.3%
75
Hematocrit female lab value
36.1%- 44.3%
76
Hypo-hematocrit
Iron, Vitamin B12, or folate deficiency, bone marrow damage
77
Hyper-hematocrit
Dehydration, renal problems, pulmonary or congenital heart disease
78
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
Average size of RBC’s
79
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) lab value
80-95 fl
80
Hypo-Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
Iron Deficiency
81
Hyper-Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
Vitamin B12, or folate deficiency
82
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
The amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells
83
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) lab value
27-31 pg
84
Hypo-Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
Iron Deficiency
85
Hyper-Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
Vitamin B12, or folate deficiency
86
Platelet Count
Measures Number of Platelets- colorless blood cells integral to clotting
87
Platelet Count lab value
150-400 thous/mcl
88
Hypo-Platelet Count
Viral infections, lupus, pernicious anemia (d/t Vit B12 deficiency), Leukemia, chemotherapy
89
Hyper-Platelet Count
Leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders(bonemarrow abnormalities), inflammatory conditions

Essentials of Pathophysiology (3 decks)

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