Lab Values- MIDTERM

Question 1

normal range for WBC’s

Answer 1

4-10.5 x10^9/L

Question 2

normal range for RBC’s

Answer 2

3.80-5.20 x10^12/L

Question 3

Hgb range

Answer 3

120-150g/L

Question 4

normal range for hematocrit

Answer 4

0.35-0.48L/L

Question 5

platelet range

Answer 5

150-400 x10^1/L

Question 6

range for neutrophils

Answer 6

2.00-6.00 x10^9/L

Question 7

range for lymphocytes

Answer 7

1.00-4.00 x10^9/L

Question 8

range for monocytes

Answer 8

0.10-0.80 x10/9/L

Question 9

range for eosinophils

Answer 9

0.0-0.45 x10^9/L

Question 10

range for basophils

Answer 10

0.0-0.10 x10^9/L

Question 11

range for sodium (Na)

Answer 11

135-145mmol/L

Question 12

range for potassium (K)

Answer 12

3.5-5.0mmol/L

Question 13

range for glucose

Answer 13

3.9-11.0mmol/L

Question 14

range for creatinine

Answer 14

50-90umol/L

Question 15

range for GFR

Answer 15

> 60 ml/min

Question 16

PTT range

Answer 16

23-32 seconds

Question 17

range for PT-INR

Answer 17

0.9-1.1 seconds

Question 18

what antiemetic would be contraindicated for a bowel obstruction?
A. Metoclopramide
B. Dimenhydrinate 
C. Bulk forming agents
D. Ondansatron

Answer 18

A

because it stimulates peristalsis

Question 19

list common side effects of steroids

Answer 19

• Increased risk of infection
• Decreased inflammatory response
• Decreased wound healing
• Weight gain
• Osteoporosis
• Increased risk of ulcers
• Electrolyte disorders

Question 20

what is the triple therapy in PUD

Answer 20

antibiotics with a PPI or H2 receptor antagonist

Question 21

what are complications of PUD?

Answer 21

• perforation
• pyloric obstruction
• hemorrhage

Question 22

Which medication would you not use to treat a dyspneic episode?

a) albuterol
b) oxygen
c) metoprolol
d) Lorazepam

Answer 22

C. METOPROLOL because its a beta blocker and wouldn’t help dyspnea

Question 23

which of the following is true regarding Ondansetron? select all that apply
A. Is a muscarinic antagonist
B. It is primarily used for motion sickness
C. It prevents nausea and vomiting
D. A side effect is a prolonged QT interval
E. It prevents diarrhea

Answer 23

C, D

Question 24

which is NOT an initial sign of bronchiolitis

a. coughing
b. wheezing
c. tachypnea >70 BPM
d. intermittent fever

Answer 24

C, tachypnea over 70 breaths per min (this is a severe sign, not an early sign)**

Question 25

what are two ways to minimize side effects of steroids when given to individuals with IBD

Answer 25

- use for short period of time - alternating day dosing - give locally instead of systemically - start with larger doses and then smaller

Question 26

# choose the correct causes of PUD. select all that apply a. H pylori b. NSAIDS c. type A or B blood d. alcohol

Answer 26

A, B, D

Question 27

what are two common SE of omeprazole

Answer 27

- increased risk of fractures - C diff - rebound acid hyper secretions - pneumonia

Question 28

urea breath test is used to treat what condition?

Answer 28

PUD

Question 29

What type of drug would you give to someone experiencing motion sickness?

Answer 29

Anticholinergic

Question 30

Which condition would you use a barium enema to diagnose?

Answer 30

Ulcerative colitis

Question 31

Elderly patient administered H2 receptor antagonist, what are common SE?

Answer 31

Confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, headache

Question 32

What are non pharmacological interventions to help with N/V?

Answer 32

``` Cold cloths Positioning on side Peppermint Flat ginger ale BRAT diet Reducing smells TENS ```

Question 33

``` What’s the best indicator of dehydration in pediatric patients? A. Sunken fontanelles B. Weight C. Bulging eyes D. Jaundice ```

Answer 33

B Weight

Question 34

What class of drug is Diphenoxylate and what is it used for? a. Opioid, reduce gastric juice production b. Anticholinergic, slows peristalsis c. Opioid, slows peristalsis d. Anticholinergic, reduces gastric juice production

Answer 34

C

Question 35

What is the advantage of a PPI over a H2 Antagonist when treating PUD? a. Cheaper; More readily available b. Stronger Effect; Faster Onset c. Longer duration; Faster peak d. Because I said so

Answer 35

B, stronger effect and faster onset

Question 36

What is a cause of osmotic diarrhea? a. Chemotherapy b. Pancreatic dysfunction c. Pancreatitis d. c diff

Answer 36

B

Question 37

How can you reduce the risks associated with steroids?

Answer 37

- Short periods of time - Decrease dose over time - Give w food - Alt day doses - Give locally instead of systemic

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a complication associated with Crohn’s a) fistula b) amenorrhea c) retinitis d) abscess formation

Answer 38

B

Question 39

What vomiting centre pathway would be triggered by vertigo?

Answer 39

Vestibular and labyrinth (inner ear)

Question 40

Why are corticosteroids used as an adjunct med for N&V?

Answer 40

For the initial acute inflammatory response; prophylactic for infection

Question 41

Select all that apply Complications of Nausea & vomiting 1) Aspiration pneumonia 2) Metabolic disturbances 3) Increased ICP 4) Dehiscence of surgical wound.

Answer 41

ALL

Question 42

What age group should avoid scopolamine & why?

Answer 42

Older adults. Sedative effects & risk for delirium. Balance affects.