Laboratory

Question 1

Why is EDTA preferred over heparin for diffs?

Answer 1

Heparin interferes with WBC staining and causes WBC clumping

Question 2

What is the normal range for WBC per HPF on a UA?

Answer 2

0-5

Question 3

Culture or draining lesions of which bacteria has a sweet smell?

Answer 3

Pseudomonas (aeruginosa), a gram negative bacterium that often has a fruity smell

Question 4

Which anticoagulant is found in blue top tubes?

Answer 4

Sodium citrate

Question 5

Which anticoagulant is most commonly used in hematology?

Answer 5

EDTA, or Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid

Question 6

Urine from which species is usually milky or cloudy?

Answer 6

Horses and rabbits. They have a high concentration of calcium carbonate crystals that make urine look milky. Also, houses secrete mucus from the renal pelvis that contributes to urine.

Question 7

Electrolytes (potassium, sodium, chloride) are measured in which units?

Answer 7

mEq/L

Question 8

What is the equation for correction WBC count after finding nucleated RBC?

Answer 8

(WBC x 100) / (nRBC +100) = corrected WBC count

Question 9

What is a round or spherical shaped bacteria called?

Answer 9

cocci

Question 10

bacilli are also known as

Answer 10

rods

Question 11

What shape are spirochetes?

Answer 11

Spiral shaped

Question 12

What does pleomorphic mean?

Answer 12

Variably shaped organisms

Question 13

When looking through a microscope, what is the orientation of the slide?

Answer 13

The image is upside down and reversed

Question 14

What does a knotts test tell us?

Answer 14

This is a test for microfilariae, and is useful to diagnose heartworm in dogs

Question 15

What word is used to describe variation in cell size on a diff?

Answer 15

Aniocytosis (remember ani-secoria… ani, different size)

Question 16

What is the word used to describe various colors among cells?

Answer 16

Polychromasia

Question 17

What is Strongyloides stercoralis

Answer 17

A small, slender nematode that infects the SI of dogs and cats. Can detect by a fecal sample (L1 larvae) by using the baermann technique

Question 18

Parathyroid hormone regulates which blood value?

Answer 18

Calcium

Question 19

What ate thrombocytes?

Answer 19

Platelets

Question 20

What are spherocytes?

Answer 20

Red blood cells that lack central pallor and are typically smaller due to the destruction of their membrane. (Seen in IMHA patients)

Question 21

On a microscope, what is the function of a condenser?

Answer 21

To FOCUS light on the object. (When not set up properly, rings of light or haloes appear around objects) (directly inder the stage

Question 22

What is a rheostat’s (and iris diaphragm) function on a microscope?

Answer 22

To adjust light intensity (brighten and dim).

Question 23

Where on a primates body are they tested for tuberculosis?

Answer 23

The eyelid. An intradermal test is done

Question 24

For a minor cross match, what do you need?

Answer 24

Recipient red blood cells, and donor plasma. Looking to see if donor plasma reacts with recipients RBC.

Question 25

When doing a diff, if total WBC are 21,800, and segs are 88%, what is the absolute value of segs?

Answer 25

21,800 x 0.88 = 19,184

Question 26

What is the correct name for ear mites?

Answer 26

Otodectes cynotis (ear mites in dogs/cats/ferrets), produces brown waxy discharge

Question 27

Which crystals on a UA are colorless, prism like with a coffin lid appearance? (rectangular)

Answer 27

Struvites

Question 28

Which crystals are brownish and round with spicules?

Answer 28

Ammonium biurate crystals

Question 29

How would you describe calcium oxalate crystals?

Answer 29

They have a clear colored square appearance with a X across the surface (envelope)

Question 30

Which test would you use to diagnose Addisons in dogs?

Answer 30

ACTH stim. ACTH should stimulate cortisol secretion from the adrenal glands, but patients with addisons don't secrete normal levels even after stimulation

Question 31

Addisons is also known as

Answer 31

Hypoadrenocorticism

Question 32

What is addisons?

Answer 32

Where the adrenal glands don't produce sufficient cortisol.

Question 33

Mannitol salt agar, or MSA selects the growth of which species?

Answer 33

Staphylococci

Question 34

What is malassezia?

Answer 34

A fungus/yeast, very common in skin and yeast infections.

Question 35

What are the differences between alpha, beta, gamma, and delta hemolysis?

Answer 35

Alpha hemolysis: partial hemolysis, creating a band of slimy discoloration around a bacterial colony. Beta: Complete hemolysis, leaving a clear zone around a bacteria colony. Gamma: Causes no change in the medium's appearance. Delta: Creates a double zone of hemolysis wherein a narrow area around the colony is hemolyzed and surrounded by a larger region with some hemolysis.

Question 36

Sodium fluoride is the preferred anticoagulant for what purpose?

Answer 36

Measurement of Blood Glucose.

Question 37

A ___ test amplifies DNA. It's a method of amplifying a segment of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) segments.

Answer 37

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

Question 38

Flow cytometry is a technique used to ___ ____.

Answer 38

Sort cells

Question 39

What is a spherocyte?

Answer 39

A dark staining RBC with no central pallor (seen with immune mediated destruction)

Question 40

What is a schistocyte?

Answer 40

A RBC fragment that is usually formed due to shearing in cases like DIC or hemangiosarcoma.