Laboratory and Diagnostic imaging

Question 1

lab results

Answer 1

help establish diagnoses, track the course of diseases, offer prognoses

Question 2

hematology

Answer 2

analyze blood, collecting and handling blood samples performing a CBC assisting with bone marrow examination, performing routine blood coagulation

Question 3

sample quality

Answer 3

has a significant impact on test accuracy

Question 4

sample collection

Answer 4

needs to be the right size not too big to rupture the vein

Question 5

whole blood

Answer 5

composed of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and plasma

Question 6

plasma

Answer 6

fluid found in whole blood

Question 7

anticoagulants

Answer 7

used when whole blood or plasma samples are needed

Question 8

purpose of CBC’s

Answer 8

cost-effective way to learn about the patient, can diagnose disease and screens animal before surgery

Question 9

blood is composed of

Answer 9

erythrocytes (rbc), leukocytes (wbc), thrombocytes (platelets), plasma (liquid)

Question 10

packed cell volume (pcv)

Answer 10

measure of percentage of blood that is occupied by rbc’s. low may indicate anemia

Question 11

thrombocytes

Answer 11

platelets function to provide an initiating coagulation factor

Question 12

urinalysis

Answer 12

determine the presence of abnormal formed elements in the urine

Question 13

sample urine collection

Answer 13

free flow or clean catch, expressing the bladder, catheterization, cystocentesis (inserting needle into bladder)

Question 14

sample collection

Answer 14

first morning urine sample is the preferred specimen because it is the most concentrated

Question 15

complete urine analysis in 4 parts

Answer 15

gross examination, specific gravity, biochemical analysis, sediment examination

Question 16

gross examination

Answer 16

colour, clarity, odor, volume, normal is amber coloured and has a characteristic odor

Question 17

specific gravity

Answer 17

measure of the ratio of a volume of urine to the weight of the same volume of distilled water

Question 18

biochemical testing

Answer 18

used to detect substances that may have passed into the urine as a result of damage to the kidneys, dipstick tests provide indicator pads for protein, glucose, ketones, pH, bilirubin and blood

Question 19

urine sediment

Answer 19

would be the abnormal elements on the sample. They settle to the bottom of the sample (crystals, calls and casts)

Question 20

parasitology

Answer 20

study of organisms that live in or another organism the host from which they derive their nourishment

Question 21

definitive host

Answer 21

sheltering the sexual adult stages of the parasite

Question 22

intermediate host

Answer 22

harbouring asexual (immature) or larval stages of parasite

Question 23

survival

Answer 23

it must have dependable means of transfer from one host to another and the ability to develop and reproduce in the host

Question 24

survival requirements

Answer 24

mode of entry into a host, ability of a susceptible host, accommodating and env’t in the host for maturation and reproduction (digestive etc), mode of exit from the hose (feces, urine, blood)

Question 25

impact on host

Answer 25

injury on entry, injury by migration, injury by resistance, chemical or physical injury, injury cause by host reaction

Question 26

roundworm

Answer 26

found in dogs, primarily located on the skin

Question 27

fleas

Answer 27

blood-sucking parasites of dogs, cats, rodents, birds and people. heavy infestations can produce anemia. detected around the tail head, ventral abdomen and under the chin

Question 28

lice

Answer 28

lice glue their eggs or nits to the hairs or feathers of the host, transmission is usually by direct contact

Question 29

flies

Answer 29

produce harm by inflicting painful bites, sucking blood, producing hypersensitive reactions depositing eggs in sores causing annoyance and acting as vectors

Question 30

ticks

Answer 30

blood sucking arachnids

Question 31

mites

Answer 31

most spend their entire life cycle on the host and produce manage, most transmitted through direct contact with infested animal

Question 32

precautions

Answer 32

wear gloves and frequent hand washing, clean and disinfect work areas after examinations, clean equipment fequently

Question 33

fecal testing

Answer 33

sample must be fresh and stored properly if testing is delayed, not refrigerated

Question 34

direct smear

Answer 34

small amount of feces on a glass slide is ezamined infer a microscope

Question 35

fecal floatation

Answer 35

flotation method to measure specific gravity

Question 36

centrifugal floatation

Answer 36

sample is strained to remove excess debris

Question 37

fecal sedimentation

Answer 37

used when suspected parasites produce ova too large to be recovered with standard flotation

Question 38

cellophane tape preparation

Answer 38

often used to said in identification of tapeworms

Question 39

MPD

Answer 39

maximum permissible dose of radiation

Question 40

radiation safety

Answer 40

tissues with rapidly growing or reproducing cells are the most sensitive to radiation

Question 41

radiation exposure can cause damage in several ways

Answer 41

possible carcinogenic effects (cancer), reproductive organs may suffer from infertility damage to RBC, can be genetic and effect future generations, radiodermatitis (reddened, dry skin), damage to a developing fetus

Question 42

minimizing exposure

Answer 42

lead shielding, gowns, gloves, thyroid shields, increase distance from primary beam, proper use of patient positioning aids, fastest film combinations, proper darkroom practices

Question 43

general radiation safety rules

Answer 43

always wear protective gear, wear radiation monitoring device, never allow body parts to be in the line of the beam, distance, pregnant women not allowed, under 18 not allowed, only those people needed should be in the room

Question 44

radiographic artificats

Answer 44

any unwanted density in the form of blemishes, improper handling, exposure, processing, housekeeping

Question 45

reduce appearance of artifacts

Answer 45

external debris, wet hair, lumps or bumps, remove dirt or mats from the coast, collars, leashes, halters or bandages

Question 46

fogged film

Answer 46

film expired

Question 47

black crescents or lines

Answer 47

rough handling of film before or after exposure

Question 48

decreased detail

Answer 48

patient motion

Question 49

entire film clear

Answer 49

no exposure

Question 50

ventral

Answer 50

situated towards the underside of quadrupeds

Question 51

dorsal

Answer 51

situated toward the back or topline of quadrypeds

Question 52

lateral

Answer 52

situated away from the midline

Question 53

diagnostic ultrasound

Answer 53

noninvasive method of imaging soft tissues

Question 54

patient prep

Answer 54

hair clipped or shaved, wipe area with alcohol or soapy water, fasting of small animals before abdominal ultrasound

Question 55

rigid endoscopes

Answer 55

composed of a metal tube, lenses, and glass rods. rhinoscopy, laproscopy, vaginoscopy, female cystoscopy, arthroscopy, throroscopy

Question 56

flexible endoscopes

Answer 56

GI endoscopy, bronchoscopy, male cystoscopy

Question 57

GI endocopy prep

Answer 57

fasting food from patient for at least 12-24hrs

Question 58

colonoscopy

Answer 58

all feces should be removed from the colon before, fasting 36hrs

Question 59

MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Answer 59

noninvasive procedure used primarily to examine the internal organs

Question 60

items to interfere with MRI

Answer 60

gas anesthesia machines, collars, watches, hairpins, clip boards, IV poles, cell phones, glasses, ink pens