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Fungi > Laboratory Diagnosis > Flashcards

Laboratory Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the wavelength used when checking for M. audouinii infections on Wood’s lamp?

A

365nm

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2
Q

What is the cleanser used on skin and nails before sampling?

A

70% isopropyl alcohol

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3
Q

What is the most sensitive method used for isolating blood and bone marrow?

A

Isolator tube method

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4
Q

What refers to the system that is used in the isolator tube method?

A

lysis centrifugation system

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5
Q

What is the method used for isolating blood and bone marrow that uses a biphasic system (broth and agar)?

A

Septi-check method

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6
Q

True or False.

Blood culture bottles are used for specimen collection.

A

False (blood culture bottles is NOT RECOMMENDED)

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7
Q

2 drops of CSF on laboratory diagnosis are used for?

A
  1. India ink preparations
  2. Latex agglutination
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8
Q

What is used to digest respiratory specimens?

A

N-acetyl-L-cysteine

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9
Q

On KOH preparations, what is added for the rapid breakdown of cellular debris and requires no heating?

A

Dimethyl sulfoxide

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10
Q

On KOH preparations, what fluorescent dye is added that makes fungal elements to be apple-green or blue-white in color?

A

Calcofluor white

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11
Q

What component of Lactophenol Cotton Blue stains the chitin found in the fungal cell walls?

A

Cotton Blue

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12
Q

What component of Lactophenol Cotton Blue preserves fungal structures?

A

Lactic acid

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13
Q

What negative stain is used to examine CSF for the presence of C. neoformans?

A

India ink

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14
Q

Identify the tissue stain.

  • polysaccharides
  • color of fungal element: purplish-red or magenta
A

Periodic Acid-Schiff

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15
Q

Identify the tissue stain.

  • melanin
  • color of fungal element: dark brown, black
A

Fontana-Masson

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16
Q

What test for molds uses hair fragments that are floated on sterile water supplemented with 10% yeast extract?

A

Hair perforation test

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17
Q

What test for molds uses Christensen agar as the culture media for differentiating T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum?

A

5-day Urease Test

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18
Q

What is the result when a 5-day Urease Test indicates pink or fuchsia in its results?

A

Positive (T. mentagrophytes)

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19
Q

What test is used to differentiate M. canis and M. audouinii?

A

Growth on rice grains

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20
Q

What is the most important and easiest to perform for yeast identification?

A

Germ tube production

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21
Q

What test is used to identify which carbohydrates the yeast can use aerobically?

A

Carbohydrate assimilation

22
Q

What standard media inhibit bacterial growth?

A

Gentamicin and chloramphenicol

23
Q

What standard media inhibit bacteria and many of the environmental fungi-typically considered contaminants?

A

Cycloheximide

24
Q

At what temperature do most laboratories routinely incubate fungal cultures?

A

30℃ (room temp.)

25
Q

If the causative agent suspected is a dimorphic
fungus, what temperature should the culture be incubated?

A

35°C

26
Q

What is the most common procedure for microscopic examination?

A

Direct mounting of fungal isolate

27
Q

What should you prepare for fungal microscopic examination when you recovered a fungus that is atypical or uncommon?

A

slide culture

28
Q

What is used to fix and stain tease or tape mounts from cultures?

A

Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB)

29
Q

True or False.

LPCB does not work well with the phaeoid fungi.

A

True

30
Q

Use of the _______ is a fairly rapid, easy, and accurate method to determine the ability of yeasts to use nitrate as the sole source of nitrogen.

A

modified KNO3 agar (potassium nitrate)

31
Q

What method determines the ability of yeasts to use nitrate as the sole source of nitrogen?

A

Potassium nitrate assimilation

32
Q

What indicates a positive KNO3 assimilation?

A

medium turns blue

33
Q

An important component of the cell wall of various fungi, including pathogenic yeasts and molds.

A

(1,3)-β-D-Glucan

34
Q

A chromogenic assay test based on the activation of the horseshoe crab coagulation cascade by (1,3)-β-D-glucan and uses amebocyte enzymes from Limulus polyphemus.

A

Fungitell test

35
Q

A component of the Aspergillus cell wall that is used in the diagnosis of probable invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus spp.

A

Galactomannan

36
Q

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
method, which uses a rat monoclonal antibody
directed against an epitope in galactomannan

A

Platelia Aspergillus Assay

37
Q

A combination of nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy with PCR to detect Candida cells directly in blood samples.

A

T2 Magnetic Resonance

38
Q

Has excellent analytical sensitivity, being able to
detect 1-3 colony-forming units (CFU) of Candida per milliliter (mL) of blood

A

T2 Candida Assay

39
Q

What is the most commonly used method for immunodiagnosis of fungal disease, but has interlaboratory discrepancies?

A

Double immunodiffusion

40
Q
  • a polyene
  • primary antifungal agent for many years
  • lethal to fungi, but it is also toxic to patients
  • remains the drug of choice for most life-threatening fungal disease
A

Amphotericin B

41
Q

What class of drugs for treating fungal infection has the largest number of agents and exhibit reasonable activity against fungi while causing fewer side effects?

A

Azoles

42
Q
  • the leading agent for treating yeast infections but has limited to no activity against molds
  • widely used by many practitioners to treat infections such as vaginitis and thrush
A

Fluconazole

43
Q

What antifungal susceptibility testing method is used for yeast testing?

A

M27-A3

44
Q

What antifungal susceptibility testing method is used for yeast disk diffusion?

A

M44-A

45
Q

What antifungal susceptibility testing method is used for mold testing?

A

M38-A2

46
Q

What antifungal susceptibility testing method is used for mold disk diffusion?

A

M51-P

47
Q

What bacterial testing eliminates the need for multiple media to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing?

A

Mueller-Hinton Agar

48
Q

an endpoint that can be used to evaluate a given MIC when clinical breakpoints are not available

A

Epidemiologic cutoff values (ECV)

49
Q

What is the first agent in the echinocandins group that is lethal for yeast, targets cell wall synthesis, but is effective against aspergilli?

A

Caspofungin

50
Q

A rapid point-of-care dipstick test that uses a
monoclonal antibody against the cryptococcal
antigen.

A

Lateral flow assays

Fungi (7 decks)

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