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Human Histology > Laboratory: Intro to Histology > Flashcards

Laboratory: Intro to Histology Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Study of the tissues of the body and how these issues are arranged to constitute organs

A

Histology

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2
Q

Two Interacting Components of Tissues

A

Extracellular Matrix
Cells

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3
Q

Supports the cells and the fluid that transports
nutrients to the cells and carries away their catabolites and secretory products.

A

Extracellular Matrix

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4
Q

Produce the ECM and are also influenced and
sometimes controlled by matrix molecules.

A

Cells

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5
Q

The technical field of using microscopes to view samples & objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal
eye).

A

Microscopy

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6
Q

An instrument that magnifies an image and allows visualization of greater detail than is possible with the unaided eye.

A

Microscope

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7
Q

Tasks of Microscope

A

Magnification
Resolution
Contrast

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8
Q

Produce a magnified image of the specimen

A

Magnification

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9
Q

Separate the details in the image

A

Resolution

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10
Q

Render the details visible to the eye, camera, or imaging device

A

Contrast

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11
Q

Father of Microscopy

A

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

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12
Q

Meaning of Mikros

A

Small

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13
Q

Meaning of skopein

A

To look

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14
Q

Most commonly used in the laboratory

A

Compound Light Microscope
Bright Field Microscope

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15
Q

For illumination of specimen

A

Light Source

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16
Q

Focus the beam of light at the level of the specimen

A

Condenser

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17
Q

On which the slide or other specimen is placed. The flat platform where the slide is placed for examination.

A

Stage

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18
Q

Gather the light that has passed through the specimen. The purpose of this is to increase or decrease magnification.

A

Objective Lens

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19
Q

Through which the image formed by the objective lens may be examined directly. Located at the top of microscope that the viewer looks through to observe the specimen. It typically magnifies the image by 10x.

A

Ocular Lens or Eyepiece

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20
Q

Provides support for the microscope

A

Base

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21
Q

Supports and holds the magnifying and adjustment
system

A

Arm

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22
Q

Located directly under the stage and hold the
condenser and diaphragm

A

Substage

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23
Q

Permits movement of the stage while holding the slide in the phase of focus

A

Mechanical Stage

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24
Q

Magnification Powers of Objectives

A

Scanning (4x)
Low (10x)
High (40x)
Oil Immersion (100x)

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25
Normal tube length
160mm
26
Uses a lens system that produces visible images from transparent objects can be used with living, cultured cells. Used to examine living cells and tissues and is used extensively to examine unstained semi-thin (approximately 0.5um) sections of plastic-embedded tissue
Phase Contrast Microscope
27
Allows quantification of tissue mass
Interference Microscope
28
Uses Nomarski optics, which produces an image of living cells with a more apparent 3D aspect
Differential Interference Microscope
29
Only light that has been scattered or diffracted by structures in the specimen reaches the objective. Equipped with a special condenser that illuminates the specimen with strong, oblique light.
Dark Field Microscope
30
Makes use of the ability of certain molecules to fluoresce under ultraviolet light
Fluorescence Microscope
31
Allows visualization of a biologic specimen in three dimensions. Combines components of light optical microscope with a scanning system to dissect a specimen optically.
Confocal Microscope
32
Small point of high-intensity light
Laser
33
Allows the recognition of stained or unstained structures made of highly organized subunits such as birefringent crystals
Polarizing Microscope
34
Microscopes that uses beam of electrons (instead of a beam of light) and electromagnets (instead of glass lenses)
Electron Microscope
35
Imaging system that permits resolution around 3nm, allowing isolated particles magnified as much as 400,000 times
Transmission Electron Microscope
36
Provides a high-resolution view of the surfaces of the cells, tissues and organs. Easy to interpret since they present a three-dimensional image.
Scanning Electron Microscope
37
One of the most powerful tools for studying the surface topography at molecular and atomic resolution. Most useful for biological studies
Atomic Force Microscope
38
It is the digital procedure that is an alternative to the examination of glass slides using a light microscope
Virtual Microscope
39
Steps in Preparation of Tissue for Examination
1. Fixation (formalin) 2. Dehydration (ethanol) 3. Clearing (xylene) 4. Infiltration (paraffin) 5. Embedding (paraffin) 6. Sectioning (rotary microscope) 7. Staining (H&E) 8. Mounting (resin)
40
Stops cell metabolism Prevents autolysis Kills pathogenic microorganisms
Fixation
41
Most commonly used fixative
10% neutral-buffered form (NBF-phosphate buffer) formalin
42
A 37-40% (saturated) aqueous solution of formaldehyde gas
Formalin
43
10% formalin means
4% aqueous formaldehyde solution
44
Water has to be removed by
Immersion in graded (ascending) concentrations of a dehydrating agent
45
Most commonly used dehydrating agent
Ethanol at 70%, 90% & 100% concentrations
46
For delicate tissues, dehydration is started at
30% or 50% dilution
47
Clearing agents that act as an intermediary between the dehydrating agent & the embedding agent
Xylene Toluene
48
Temperature for infiltration
52-60 degrees Celsius
49
Prevents distortion of tissue structure during microtomy
Embedding
50
Removal of excess wax to expose the tissue for sectioning on a microtome
Trimming
51
Shape to be achieved in trimming
Truncated Pyramid
52
Size of thin sections
5-15μm
53
Thickness of ribbon sections to be cut
3-5 μm
54
Free end of the ribbon is held by
Fine-pointed forceps Teasing needle
55
The other end is detached from the microtome knife with
Sable or Camel Hair Brush
56
Temperature of the bath should be __ less than the melting point of the paraffin
10 degrees Celsius
57
After 30 seconds, sections are picked up onto
Clean, albuminized (adhesive) slides
58
Universal size of standard slides
76x25mm, with a thickness of 1.0-1.2mm
59
Overnight drying temperature
37 degrees Celsius
60
Negatively charged, has an affinity to basic dye termed as Basophilic
Nucleic Acid
61
Positively charged, has an affinity to acidic dye, termed as Acidophilic
Cytoplasm/Organelles/Proteins
62
Most commonly used staining method
Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) stains
63
Mounting medium
DPX resin
64
Container for tissue embedding
Cassette

Human Histology (5 decks)

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