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Labratort Medicine Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

Hyperglycemia. At what concentration of
glucose can we talk about hyperglycemia?

A

≥ 6.1mmol/L

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2
Q

Urea is a waste product formed in

A

Liver

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3
Q

Which test is the new gold standard for
diagnosis of viral infections?

A

Nucleic acid testing (PCR)

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4
Q

Reticulocytes are

A

immature red cell that contain RNA

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5
Q

a few hours of damage and remains elevated for
up to two weeks is

A

Cardiac troponin

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6
Q

What is pancytopenia?

A

Decreased WBCs, RBCs and PLTS

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7
Q

The preferred initial test for thyroid disorders
is :

A

TSH test

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8
Q

Erythropoietin stimulates production of
Select one:

A

Red Blood cell

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9
Q

Which dietary component(s) is/are needed for
DNA synthesis, and thus greatly influence the
production of red blood cells

A

Vitamin B12 and folic acid;

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10
Q

Which test is considered to be the most
specific test for identifying iron deficiency
anemia, unless infection or inflammation are
present?
Select one:

A

Ferritin

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11
Q

Anemia arises due to deficiency of

A

A. Iron;
B. Folic acid;
C. All of the above **
D. Vitamin B12;

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12
Q

Full Blood Count (FBC) - test evaluates:

A

The general condition of the body, with
pathological changes in the blood, requires
additional studies

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13
Q

What parameters indicate anemia?

A

RBC, Hb, Hct

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14
Q

T cells develop into several distinct type in

A

Thymus

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15
Q

Which additional parameters will help us
make a more accurate diagnosis?

A

Iron, serum

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16
Q

How to calculate INR?

A

(PT patient/PT control plasma) ISI.

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17
Q

what is the INR?

A

International normalized ratio.

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18
Q

which of the following signifies anemia

A

A low hemoglobin level.

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19
Q

what parameters indicate anisocytosis:

A

RDW

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20
Q

what is oligouria

A

Less than 500 ml/day.

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21
Q

MCV and RDW are indicating on pathology
of:

A

RBC

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22
Q

a chosen concentration (mg/L) of an
antibiotic which defines whether a species of
bacteria is susceptible or resistant to the
antibiotic:

A

A breakpoint

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23
Q

Variation in erythrocyte shape is called ?

A

poikolocytosis.

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24
Q

In which phase of laboratory testing do the
most errors occur ?

A

preanalysis.

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25
The yellow color of urine is due to:
urobilin.
26
Normal pH range for urine is
4.6 - 8
27
Which is the example of organism in BSL3?
TB
28
The mean and normal range of Hemoglobin for an adult male ?
15.7 ( 14.0-17.5 ) g / dL.
29
Plasma is about 45 % of the total blood volume?
False
30
Patient with diabetes mellitus have urine with?
Increased volume and increased specific gravity.
31
Select the statement about red blood cells that is incorrect:
Deoxyhemoglobin carries oxygen.
32
The type of white blood cell that often arrives at the site of infection first , is a granulocyte , and contains granules that stain light purple is a
Neutrophils
33
Which is the example of organism in BSL 4
EBOLA
34
Normal value for INR in healthy people is
1.1 or below
35
which test is used to screen for neural defects such as spina bifida ?
AFP
36
Which pattern is characteristic for hyperthyroidism
T3-high or normal, T4-high or normal, TSH-low
37
Positive results for both CCP antibody and RF, means ?
it is very likely that a patient has RA.
38
In MTB testing culture Negative is reported after ?
6 weeks
39
Normal range of hematocrit (Hct) for an adult male is ?
41 - 51 %
40
Hematocrit (Hct) is ?
the ratio of the volume of erythrocytes to the whole blood.
41
Polyuria is
production of more than 2000 ml of urine in 24 hrs.
42
Shortened aPTT tests may be due to
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
43
The term primary hemostasis refers to ?
platelet reactivity at the site of injury
44
Lymphopenia can be caused by ?
HIV
45
the blood urea nitrogen or BUN test is primarily used
To evaluate kidney function
46
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test evaluates ? select one
the average amount of glucose in the blood over the past 2 to 4 months.
47
Concentration of antibiotic that inhibits the visible growth of an organisim in an in vitro system is
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
48
Mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is
the average concentration of Hb in a given volume of packed red cells.
49
Mean cell volume (MCV) is
The average volume of a single red cell.
50
The mean normal range for platelet count is
250 (150-350) × 109 /L
51
The term secondary hemostasis refers to ?
the cascade of enzymatic reactions that results in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin monomers.
52
Initial screening for coronary risk panel may involve ?
full lipid panel should be used
53
Reference intervals or "normal range" are defined as the range of values into which
95% of nondiseased ("normal") individuals will fall
54
Refractory periodontitis
develops due to a complete remission after therapy, followed by recurrence of the disease as a result of reformation of plague, and calculus.
55
Which is the lipid profile test ?
cholesterol total, HDL-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides.
56
fasting plasma glucose level more than 126 mg/dL (more than 7mmol/L) indicates
indicates diabetes mellitus.
57
the ability of a test to discriminate disease from no disease is described by
specificity of the test.
58
Negative results for both CCP antibody and RF, means
it is less likely that the person has RA.
59
Prolonged aPTT tests may be due to
Von Wilebrand disease.
60
excretion of more than 4 g/day protein in urine is ?
heavy proteinuria
61
Schuffner's granules" are characteristics of
Malaria
62
a normal eGFR for adults is
greater than 90 mL/min/1.73m2
63
creatinine is a waste product produced by ?
Muscles
64
Fasting plasma glucose level < 100 mg/dl (< 5.6 mmol/L) ?
Is a normal value
65
healthy adults with no other risk factors for heart disease should be tested with a fasting lipid panel
once every four to six years.
66
In hypochromia
MCH and MCHC are usually decreased.
67
the mean and normal range for white blood cell count is
7.8 (4.4-11.3) x 109/L
68
circle the correct answer
precipitation immunoassays use radioisotopes as labels.
69
In congenital viral infection :
maternal IgG antibodies passively transfer across the placenta into the fetal circulation.
70
A very high level of ALT is frequently seen with :
acute hepatitis.
71
Gross hematuria is
presence of an increased number of red blood cells in urine visible to the naked eye.
72
The presence of hypochromic and normochromic cells in the same film is called
anisochromia or dimorphic anemia.
73
Based on cytochemistry myeloblasts are positive for
MPO
74
coagulation basic tests. which parameters indicate intrinsic pathways
aPTT.
75
What the WBC (leukocytes) indicate
they release chemicals from their granules that destroy pathogens; they are also capable of phagocytosis. The monocyte an agranular leukocyte, differentiates into a macrophage that then phagocytizes the pathogens.
76
Nocturnia is ?
excretion of more than 400 mL of urine at night with specific gravity <1.010
77
The specific gravity of a specimen indicates
the relative proportions of dissolved solid components to total volume of the specimen.
78
Osmolality of a specimen indicates:
the number of particles of solute per unit of solution.
79
Which is the most accurate "gold standard" test in diagnosing MTB
culture.
80
Circle the correct statement:
up to 2 mg/dL acetoacetic acid in urine is normal.
81
Measuring potassium is especially important:
in diabetec patients.
82
in FBC got leukocytosis with neutrophilia, left shift. what process is indicated
acute bacterial infection
83
What is polyuria
>: 2500 mL/day.
84
A relative increase of leukocytes is
an increase in percentage only
85
If the platelet count is normal :
no single platelets is found per 10-30 red cell.
86
Microbes in BSL 3
can cause serious or potentially fatal disease through inhalation.
87
Microbes in BSL 1
are not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adults and present minimal potential hazard to personnel and the environment
88
Differential leukocyte count is :
percentage distribution of the different types of leukocytes.
89
eGFR should be calculated :
every time a creatinine blood test is done
90
red blood cells survive around ______days
120 days
91
Patient has HBsAg (-), anti-HBc (-), anti-HBs (+). Patient is:
immune due to hepatitis B vaccination.
92
Specific IgM is usually found in blood within the :
first week of primary infection and typically becomes undetectable within 1 to 3 monthes.
93
Microbes in BSL 2 :
pose a moderate hazard to personnel and the environment.
94
Microbes in BSL 4 :
are very easily transmitted and cause serious or fatal disease for which there are no vaccines or treatments.
95
How do transferrin level and total iron- binding capacity (TIBC) change in iron deficiency anemia?
transferrin level and TIBC are high.
96
Which parameter in urine test indicates infection:
Leukocytes, nitrite.
97
Progenitor cell for platelets is:
Megakaryocyte.
98
How to use glycohemoglobin parameters:
The amount of glycosylation is determined byglucose concentration present over the two or three months before obtaining the plasma sample.

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