Labs 1 - 5

Question 1

Title of Laboratory 1

Answer 1

Appreciating Plants in the Environment

Question 2

Which has watery environments as a habitat?

Algae vs. Bryophytes

Answer 2

algae

Question 3

Which has unicellular cells?

Algae vs. Bryophytes

Answer 3

Bryophytes

Question 4

Do algae have stomates?

Answer 4

no, they get their nutrients from the surface.

Question 5

Both algae and bryophytes have chloroplasts.

True or False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Where are the stomates of bryophytes located?

Answer 6

On the sporangia

Question 7

haploid gametophytes to haploid spores.

Alternation of generation of algae or bryophytes?

Answer 7

Algae

Question 8

What is the alternation of generation of bryophytes?

Answer 8

Independent gametophyte (gametes) or dependent (spores)

Question 9

Mode of reproduction of algae?

Answer 9

Sexual or asexual.

Question 10

What are the 3 types of bryophytes?

Answer 10

Hornworts, liverworts, and mosses

Question 11

What is the spore maturation of all 3 bryophyte types?

Answer 11

sporangia developing on sporophytes

Question 12

What is the distinguishing habitat of mosses?

Answer 12

Rocks and tree bark.

Question 13

Structure of liverworts.

Answer 13

thallus, rhizoids, and reproductive structures.

Question 14

The 3 components of the structure of mosses.

Answer 14

gametophyte, rhizoids, and sporophytes

Question 15

A stalk connecting the sporangium to the sporophyte.

Answer 15

Seta

Question 16

What is the capsule form of hornworts?

Answer 16

Slender, upright capsules.

Question 17

Do hornworts have stomata? (If yes, where)

Answer 17

yes, on the surface of the sporophyte.

Question 18

Do liverworts have stomata? (If yes, where)

Answer 18

No, they don’t have leaves.

Question 19

What is the role of stomata in mosses?

Answer 19

promotes water loss, regulates moisture levels, and aids in growth & development

Question 20

Hornworts have seta.

True or false.

Answer 20

False.

Question 21

leaves of seed & fern plants; has branched/parallel vascular bundles

Megaphyll vs. Megasporophyll

Answer 21

Megaphyll

Question 22

Part of the leaf that supports the developing ovule.

Megaphyll vs. Megasporophyll

Answer 22

Megasporophyll

Question 23

female reproductive system, has ovules

——- Cone

Answer 23

Ovulate cone

Question 24

male reproductive system, produces pollen

——- Cone

Answer 24

Staminate cones

Question 25

Primitive plant, single-celled, forms multicellular but not highly organized structures.

Answer 25

Thallophytes

Question 26

More advanced plant, has vascular tissues to transport water, sugar, and nutrients.

Answer 26

Tracheophytes

Question 27

Plant-like living organisms the reproduce through spores.

Answer 27

Cryptogram

Question 28

seed/flowering plants

Answer 28

Phanerogram/Angiosperms

Question 29

Why are pteridophytes common in damp, moist areas?

Answer 29

Their fertilization relies on water.

Question 30

Why are gymnosperms generally woody?

Answer 30

They produce lignin.

Question 31

What is lignin?

Answer 31

A polymer provides support and rigidity to vascular tissues.

Question 32

3 types of pteridophytes

Answer 32

Ferns, horsetails, clubmoss

Question 33

State what kind of leaves each pteridophyte type has.

Answer 33

Ferns: big, feather-like leaves Horsetail: small, scale-like leaves Clubmoss: needle-like leaves

Question 34

Title of Second Laboratory

Answer 34

Compound Microscope.

Question 35

Formula for total magnification

Answer 35

Objective lens magnification x ocular lens magnification

Question 36

the 3 objective lenses' magnifications

Answer 36

10x, 40x, 400x

Question 37

Title of the third laboratory.

Answer 37

Plant Cell

Question 38

study of the structure and function of cells

Answer 38

Cytology

Question 39

basic structural and functional unit of living things

Answer 39

Cell

Question 40

Are plant cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 40

Eukaryotic

Question 41

What has a cell wall, plant cell or animal cell?

Answer 41

Plant cell

Question 42

A gel-like substance where all cell structures are.

Answer 42

Cytoplasm

Question 43

# ******** What cell structure is not in the cytoplasm?

Answer 43

Nucleus

Question 44

Give the 3 types of plastids.

Answer 44

Chloroplast, Chromoplast, Leucoplast.

Question 45

What are the colors of the plastids?

Answer 45

Chloro - green, chromo - red, leuco - colorless

Question 46

If cytoplasm is to cell, then tonoplast is to _______.

Answer 46

Vacuole

Question 47

What are the 3 cell types?

Answer 47

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma

Question 48

What cell type are dead cells at maturity?

Answer 48

Sclerenchyma

Question 49

What cell type has unevenly thickened wall cells?

Answer 49

Collenchyma

Question 50

Cell type that stores nutrients, can photosynthesize, and provide structual support.

Answer 50

Parenchyma

Question 51

Title of fourth laboratory.

Answer 51

Cellular Transport.

Question 52

The movement of substances across the cell membrane/wall.

Answer 52

Cellular transport.

Question 53

High to low concentration molecule movement.

Answer 53

Diffusion

Question 54

High to low concentration water movement through a semi-permeable membrane.

Answer 54

Osmosis

Question 55

3 types of solutions.

Answer 55

Isotonic, Hypertonic, and Hypotonic

Question 56

What solution has equilibrium between solute & solvent?

Answer 56

Isotonic solution.

Question 57

Two types of cellular transport.

Answer 57

Active and passive

Question 58

Difference between hypertonic and hypotonic.

Answer 58

Hypertonic means more solute than solvent, while hypotonic means more solvent than solute.

Question 59

A process where the cell engulfs particles into a cell membrane and takes in its nutrients.

Answer 59

Endocytosis

Question 60

Why can plant cells demonstrate plasmolysis better than animal cells?

Answer 60

Because plant cells have a cell wall.

Question 61

What is the minimum pressure to prevent inward flow into the semi-permeable membrane?

Answer 61

Osmotic pressure

Question 62

Why is a 4% glucose solution isotonic but a 5% NaCl solution hypertonic?

Answer 62

4% solution matches osmolarity of cellular fluids, but 5% solution has higher osmolarity, causing plasmolysis.

Question 63

Title of fifth laboratory.

Answer 63

Plant mitosis

Question 64

An event where a parent cell divides into 2 daughter cells; cells go through this event for growth.

Answer 64

Cell division.

Question 65

Sexual cell division, where gametogenesis (spermatogenesis/oogenesis) occurs.

Answer 65

Meiosis

Question 66

Asexual division, where the purpose is the growth, development, and repair of damaged tissues.

Answer 66

Mitosis

Question 66

direct cell division, cytoplasm & nucleus constriction

Answer 66

Amitosis

Question 66

What are the 5 stages of mitosis?

Answer 66

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 67

Mitosis phase where the nucleus and the nuclear membrane disappears.

Answer 67

Prophase

Question 68

Mitosis phase where the sister chromatids separate.

Answer 68

Anaphase

Question 69

Mitosis phase where the chromosomes align at the equatorial plate.

Answer 69

Metaphase

Question 70

Mitosis phase where the cleavage furrow develops, cytokinesis occurs, and the chromosome turns invisible.

Answer 70

Telophase

Question 70

Mitosis phase where there is no visble change, where the cell grows and copies DNA.

Answer 70

Interphase

Question 70

Karyokinesis vs. Cytokinesis

Answer 70

Karyokinesis - partition of the cell's nucleus Cytokinesis - cytoplasmic division

Question 71

What do you call 2 or more cells fusing together to form a larger cell?

Answer 71

Multi-nucleated cell

Question 72

Asexual reproduction where 1 single cell turns into 2 same daughter cells. Usually in prokaryotes.

Answer 72

Binary fission

Question 72

How does the chromosomal number of the cell stay constant through mitosis?

Answer 72

each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes, achieved through precise sister chromatid separation.

Question 72

Asexual reproduction where 1 single cell turns into multiple daughter cells.

Answer 72

Multiple fission

Question 73

Temporary union of 2 bacterial/unicellular organisms for genetic material exchange.

Answer 73

Conjugation