ACTH
9-25
Elevated in: Addison’s disease
Decreased in: secondary adrenocortical insufficiency, hypo pituitary ism, adrenal adenoma or adrenal carcinoma

Albumin
4-6
Elevated in: dehydration ,intravenous albumin infusion
Decreased in: liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, poor nutrition status, rapid IV in hydration, chronic inflammatory disease, IBS
Aldosterone
Supine, upright, adrenal vein
Supine: 3-16
Upright: 7-30
Adrenal vein: 200-800
Elevated in: bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, secondary aldosteronism, diuretics, congestive heart failure, laxatives, nephrotic syndrome,
Decreased in: Addison’s disease, running deficiency, turner syndrome, diabetes post acute alcohol intoxication
Alkaline phosphatase
30-120
Elevated in: biliary obstruction, cirrhosis, liver disease, Ricketts, osteomalacia
Decreased in: hypothyroidism, pernicious anemia, HYUKOH phosphatemia, High vitamin D, malnutrition
Ammonia
15-45
Elevated in: hepatic failure, hepatic and cephalopathy, raise syndrome, and drug therapy
Decreased in : drug therapy (neomycin, lactulose), renal failure
Amylase
0-130
Elevated in: acute pancreatitis mumps, pancreatic neoplasm, abscess, pseudo cyst, ascites, perforated peptic ulcer, intestinal obstruction, acute cholecystitis, appendicitis, DKA, peritonitis, ectopic pregnancy, renal insufficiency, morphine
Decreased in: Advanced chronic pancreatitis, hepatic necrosis, cystic fibrosis
Anion gap
9-14
Elevated in: lactic acidosis, keto acidosis, alcoholic starvation, uremia, ingestion of toxins
Decreased in: Hypoalbuminemia, severe hyper magnesium, lithium toxicity
For each decline in albumin by one from normal the anion gap decreases by 2.5
Antidiuretic Hormone
4-12
Elevated in: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, antipsychotic medication therapy, Guillain-barre, Central nervous system infections, brain tumors
Decreased in: Central diabetes insipidus, nephritic syndrome, psychogenic polydipsia, I’ll call use, lithium therapy, Dilantin use
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)
Positive: systemic lupus erythematosus, drug therapy, chronic active hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, necrotizing vasculitis
Arterial blood gas
PO2 75-100
PCO2 35-45
HCO3 24-28
PH 7.35-7.45
AST
0-35
Elevated in: Liver disease, alcohol abuse, drug therapy, hepatic congestion, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, severe muscle trauma
Decreased in: uremia, vitamin B6 deficiency
Bilirubin direct
0-0.2
Elevated in: hepatocellular disease, biliary obstruction
Bilirubin indirect
0-1.o
Elevated in: hemolysis, liver disease, hepatic congestion caused by hear failure
Bilirubin total
0-1
Elevated in: liver disease, hereditary disorders, drug therapy, Hemo lysis, pulmonary embolism or infarct, hepatic congestion
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
Up to 100
Elevated in : Heart failure
Calcium
8.8-10.3
Elevated in: malignancy, Hyperparathyroidism, Paget’s disease, thiazides
Decreased in: Renal insufficiency, hypoalbuminemia, Vitamin D Deficiency, pancreatitis, sepsis
Cerebral Spinal Fluid
Glucose, Protein, Chloride, Presssure, Cell count
Appearance: Clear Glucose: 40-70 Protein: 20-45 Chloride: 116-122 Pressure:100-200 Cell Count: < 6 lymphocytes
Chloride
95-105
Elevated in: Dehydration, sodium loss, Respiratory alkalosis, excessive incursion of normal saline, cystic fibrosis, hyperparathyroidism, metabolic acidosis
Decreased in: Vomiting, gastric suction, congestive heart failure, SIADH
Total Cholesterol
<200
Elevated in: Hyperchoolesterolemia, biliary obstruction, DM, Nephrotic syndrome
Decreased in: Lipid lowering agents, starvation, malabsorption, hyperthyroidism, hepatic failure, infection
CRP
<1
Elevated in: Inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, MI
Creatinine Clearance
75-124
Elevated in: Pregnancy, exercise
Decreased In: Renal insufficiency, drug therapy
Creatinine Kinase
0-130
Elevated in: Vigorous exercise, MI, myocarditis, rhabdo, crush injury
Decreased in: Steroids, decreased muscle mass, connective tissue disorders, alcoholic liver disease
Creatinine
0.6-1.2
Elevated in : Renal insufficiency, decreased renal perfusion, rhabdo, drug therapy
Falsely elevated in: DKA, administration of some cephalosporins
Decreased in: Decreased muscle mass, pregnancy, prolonged debilitation
D-dimer
<0.5
Elevated in: DVT, PE, high levels of rheumatoid factor
ESR
Male: 0-15
Female 0-20
Elevated in: Inflammatory states
Greater than 100 are strongly associated with serious underlying disease
Decreased in: Sickle cel disease, polycythemia, corticosteroids
Ferritin
18-300
Elevated in: inflammatory states, liver disease, hyperthyroidism, neoplasms, lymphomas
Decreased in: Iron deficiency anemia
Folate
Low <3.4
GFR
Age 20-29: 116 Age 30-39: 107 Age 40-49: 99 Age 50-59: 93 Age 60-69: 85 Age >70: 75
Hepatitis A
Positive
IGG: Previous infection
IGM: Acute
Hepatitis B
HBsAg - first viral marker 1-3 mo
anti-HBc - 3-6 months, recovery of infection
IGM. - Active
HDL
Male: 45-70
Female: 50-90
Iron
Male 65-175
Female 50-1170
Lactate
0.5-2
Lipase
0-160
Elevated in; Acute pancreatitis, perforated peptic ulcer
LDL
<130
<70 in diabetics
Magnesium
1.8-3
Serum Osmolality
280-300
Parathyroid Hormone
Serum 10-65
Plasma 1-5
Potassium
3.5-5
Protein
6-8
Sodium
135-147
T3
75-220
Elevated in: hyperthyroidism
T4
0.8-2.8
Elevated in: graves’ disease
Free T 4
1.1-4.3
Elevated in Graves’ disease
TSH
2-11
Triglycerides
<160
Troponins
O-0.4
BUN
8-18
Elevated in: dehydration, renal disease
Decreased in: liver disease, malnutrition
Urinalysis
PH, SG, WBC, RBC
Color: light straw Appearance: Clear PH: 4.5-8 SG: 1.005-1.030 Protein: Absent Ketones: absent Glucose: absent Occult blood: absent RBC: 0-5 WBC: 0-5 Bactria: absent Casts: 0-4
Urine Creatinine (24hour)
Male: 0.8-1.8g/day
Female: 0.6-1.6 g/day
Urine Osmmolality
50-1200
Elevated in: SIADH, dehydration, adrenal insufficiency
Decreased in: DI, excessive water intake, renal insufficiency
Urine PH
4.6-8
Urine Protein
<150
Elevated in: Renal disease, CHF, HTN
Urine Sodium
40-220
Urine SG
1.005-1.03
Elevated in: Dehydration, Excessive fluid loss, DM, CHF, SIADH
Decreased in: DI, Renal disease, excessive fluid intake