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1
Q

ACTH

A

9-25

Elevated in: Addison’s disease
Decreased in: secondary adrenocortical insufficiency, hypo pituitary ism, adrenal adenoma or adrenal carcinoma


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2
Q

Albumin

A

4-6

Elevated in: dehydration ,intravenous albumin infusion
Decreased in: liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, poor nutrition status, rapid IV in hydration, chronic inflammatory disease, IBS

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3
Q

Aldosterone

Supine, upright, adrenal vein

A

Supine: 3-16
Upright: 7-30
Adrenal vein: 200-800

Elevated in: bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, secondary aldosteronism, diuretics, congestive heart failure, laxatives, nephrotic syndrome,

Decreased in: Addison’s disease, running deficiency, turner syndrome, diabetes post acute alcohol intoxication

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4
Q

Alkaline phosphatase

A

30-120

Elevated in: biliary obstruction, cirrhosis, liver disease, Ricketts, osteomalacia

Decreased in: hypothyroidism, pernicious anemia, HYUKOH phosphatemia, High vitamin D, malnutrition

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5
Q

Ammonia

A

15-45

Elevated in: hepatic failure, hepatic and cephalopathy, raise syndrome, and drug therapy

Decreased in : drug therapy (neomycin, lactulose), renal failure

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6
Q

Amylase

A

0-130

Elevated in: acute pancreatitis mumps, pancreatic neoplasm, abscess, pseudo cyst, ascites, perforated peptic ulcer, intestinal obstruction, acute cholecystitis, appendicitis, DKA, peritonitis, ectopic pregnancy, renal insufficiency, morphine

Decreased in: Advanced chronic pancreatitis, hepatic necrosis, cystic fibrosis

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7
Q

Anion gap

A

9-14

Elevated in: lactic acidosis, keto acidosis, alcoholic starvation, uremia, ingestion of toxins

Decreased in: Hypoalbuminemia, severe hyper magnesium, lithium toxicity

For each decline in albumin by one from normal the anion gap decreases by 2.5

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8
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A

4-12

Elevated in: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, antipsychotic medication therapy, Guillain-barre, Central nervous system infections, brain tumors

Decreased in: Central diabetes insipidus, nephritic syndrome, psychogenic polydipsia, I’ll call use, lithium therapy, Dilantin use

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9
Q

Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)

A

Positive: systemic lupus erythematosus, drug therapy, chronic active hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, necrotizing vasculitis

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10
Q

Arterial blood gas

A

PO2 75-100
PCO2 35-45
HCO3 24-28
PH 7.35-7.45

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11
Q

AST

A

0-35

Elevated in: Liver disease, alcohol abuse, drug therapy, hepatic congestion, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, severe muscle trauma

Decreased in: uremia, vitamin B6 deficiency

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12
Q

Bilirubin direct

A

0-0.2

Elevated in: hepatocellular disease, biliary obstruction

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13
Q

Bilirubin indirect

A

0-1.o

Elevated in: hemolysis, liver disease, hepatic congestion caused by hear failure

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14
Q

Bilirubin total

A

0-1

Elevated in: liver disease, hereditary disorders, drug therapy, Hemo lysis, pulmonary embolism or infarct, hepatic congestion

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15
Q

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

A

Up to 100

Elevated in : Heart failure

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16
Q

Calcium

A

8.8-10.3

Elevated in: malignancy, Hyperparathyroidism, Paget’s disease, thiazides

Decreased in: Renal insufficiency, hypoalbuminemia, Vitamin D Deficiency, pancreatitis, sepsis

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17
Q

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Glucose, Protein, Chloride, Presssure, Cell count

A 
Appearance: Clear
Glucose: 40-70
Protein: 20-45
Chloride: 116-122
Pressure:100-200
Cell Count: < 6 lymphocytes
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18
Q

Chloride

A

95-105

Elevated in: Dehydration, sodium loss, Respiratory alkalosis, excessive incursion of normal saline, cystic fibrosis, hyperparathyroidism, metabolic acidosis

Decreased in: Vomiting, gastric suction, congestive heart failure, SIADH

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19
Q

Total Cholesterol

A

<200

Elevated in: Hyperchoolesterolemia, biliary obstruction, DM, Nephrotic syndrome

Decreased in: Lipid lowering agents, starvation, malabsorption, hyperthyroidism, hepatic failure, infection

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20
Q

CRP

A

<1

Elevated in: Inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, MI

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21
Q

Creatinine Clearance

A

75-124

Elevated in: Pregnancy, exercise
Decreased In: Renal insufficiency, drug therapy

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22
Q

Creatinine Kinase

A

0-130

Elevated in: Vigorous exercise, MI, myocarditis, rhabdo, crush injury
Decreased in: Steroids, decreased muscle mass, connective tissue disorders, alcoholic liver disease

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23
Q

Creatinine

A

0.6-1.2

Elevated in : Renal insufficiency, decreased renal perfusion, rhabdo, drug therapy
Falsely elevated in: DKA, administration of some cephalosporins
Decreased in: Decreased muscle mass, pregnancy, prolonged debilitation

24
Q

D-dimer

A

<0.5

Elevated in: DVT, PE, high levels of rheumatoid factor

25
ESR
Male: 0-15 Female 0-20 Elevated in: Inflammatory states Greater than 100 are strongly associated with serious underlying disease Decreased in: Sickle cel disease, polycythemia, corticosteroids
26
Ferritin
18-300 Elevated in: inflammatory states, liver disease, hyperthyroidism, neoplasms, lymphomas Decreased in: Iron deficiency anemia
27
Folate
Low <3.4
28
GFR
``` Age 20-29: 116 Age 30-39: 107 Age 40-49: 99 Age 50-59: 93 Age 60-69: 85 Age >70: 75 ```
29
Hepatitis A
Positive IGG: Previous infection IGM: Acute
30
Hepatitis B
HBsAg - first viral marker 1-3 mo anti-HBc - 3-6 months, recovery of infection IGM. - Active
31
HDL
Male: 45-70 Female: 50-90
32
Iron
Male 65-175 | Female 50-1170
33
Lactate
0.5-2
34
Lipase
0-160 Elevated in; Acute pancreatitis, perforated peptic ulcer
35
LDL
<130 | <70 in diabetics
36
Magnesium
1.8-3
37
Serum Osmolality
280-300
38
Parathyroid Hormone
Serum 10-65 | Plasma 1-5
39
Potassium
3.5-5
40
Protein
6-8
41
Sodium
135-147
42
T3
75-220 | Elevated in: hyperthyroidism
43
T4
0.8-2.8 Elevated in: graves’ disease
44
Free T 4
1.1-4.3 Elevated in Graves’ disease
45
TSH
2-11
46
Triglycerides
<160
47
Troponins
O-0.4
48
BUN
8-18 Elevated in: dehydration, renal disease Decreased in: liver disease, malnutrition
49
Urinalysis | PH, SG, WBC, RBC
``` Color: light straw Appearance: Clear PH: 4.5-8 SG: 1.005-1.030 Protein: Absent Ketones: absent Glucose: absent Occult blood: absent RBC: 0-5 WBC: 0-5 Bactria: absent Casts: 0-4 ```
50
Urine Creatinine (24hour)
Male: 0.8-1.8g/day Female: 0.6-1.6 g/day
51
Urine Osmmolality
50-1200 Elevated in: SIADH, dehydration, adrenal insufficiency Decreased in: DI, excessive water intake, renal insufficiency
52
Urine PH
4.6-8
53
Urine Protein
<150 Elevated in: Renal disease, CHF, HTN
54
Urine Sodium
40-220
55
Urine SG
1.005-1.03 Elevated in: Dehydration, Excessive fluid loss, DM, CHF, SIADH Decreased in: DI, Renal disease, excessive fluid intake

Labs (4 decks)

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