Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

My Cards > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

(135 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Lowers blood sugar levels

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Elevates blood sugar levels

A

Glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 P’s of Diabetes

A

POLYURIA-increased urination
POLYPHAGIA-increased appetite
POLYDIPSIA-increased thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lowers blood glucose levels

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long does HbA1c measure serum glucose control

A

2-3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HbA1C Values

A

< 7%= good control & BG lower than 170
8-9%= fair control take action
>9%= poor control over past 2-3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Liver Function Tests aka LFTs

A

AST- 0-35 units/L
ALT- 4-36 units/L
ALP- 30-120 units/L

If levels elevated: indicates liver damage, disease or failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Elevated ammonia levels=

A

Decreased liver function and toxic to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

BUN measures

A

BOTH:
LIVER: evaluates the metabolic function of the liver
KIDNEY: evaluates the excretory function of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Elevated BUN causes

A

Renal disease and or failure, dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Low BUN causes

A

Liver failure, over-hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

A

Is the rate (speed) at which the glomeruli are filtering blood amd making urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 ways to determine a patients GFR

A

Blood sample: estimated GFR
Urine & blood sample: Creatinine Clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

BEST test for kidney function

A

Creatinine Clearance

Levels decrease as kidney function worsens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Serum creatinine level

A

0.6–1.2
We want to see low creatinine levels showing the kidneys have filtered it out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Creatinine Clearance (~120 mL/min

A

We want to see high levels meaning there is alot of creatinine in the urine so kidneys have removed it from the body/blood via the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

BNP

A

Monitor/identify chronic heart failure &
The higher the level of BNP, the more severe thr CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lipid panel measures

A

Total amount of Cholesterol/Lipids within the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lipid panel includes

A

Total Cholesterol
HDL
LDL
Triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

LDL-low

A

Bad cholesterol, we want these numbers LOW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

HDL-high

A

Good cholesterol, we want these numbers HIGH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 roles of pancreas

A

1) release hormones to manage blood glucose

2) release enzymes to break down food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pancreatic Labs

A

Amylase 60-120 units/mL
Lipase 0-160 units/mL
(Enzymes created by the pancreas to assist with breaking down food)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Inflammatory Markers

A

ESR <20mm/hour & CRP <10mg/L
will be elevated with bacterial infections or cancer (malignant diseases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When is lactic acid produced
When there is a decrease in oxygen to the tissues (tissue hypoxia)
26
CTA (CT Angiogram)
Visualizes blood vessels to show narrowed or blocked areas of vessels Ex: aneurysm, blockages, PE
27
MRI
Detailed images of inside the body, no radiation
28
How do clotting factors correlate with liver function?
If liver isn't functioning correctly then we have an increased risk of bleeding
29
Labs to assess Liver Function
AST ALT ALP Bilirubin Total Protein Ammonia PT, PTT and INR
30
If patient has liver failure lab trend:
AST,ALT,ALP, Bilirubin= ELEVATED Albumin & Total Protein= DECREASED Ammonia= INCREASED PT, PTT, INR= PROLONGED
31
Kidney function Labs
BUN Serum Creatinine eGFR Creatinine Clearance
32
Kidney failure lab trend
BUN, Serum Creatinine= ELEVATED eGFR= WE WANT LESS THAN 60 Creatinine Clearance= the lower the # the better the kidneys are functioning
33
BMP (Chem-8) (8 labs in the panel)
Sodium Potassium Chloride CO2 Content (aka Bicarbonate) Glucose BUN Creatinine Calcium eGFR Anion Gap
34
BMP (Chem 8) measures:
Electrolyte & fluid balances kidney function glucose levels
35
CMP--all labs within a BMP plus the following:
AST ALT ALP Bilirubin Albumin Total Protein
36
CMP evaluates
How well the liver is functioning: Metabolism of bodily substances Synthesis of plasma proteins Formation of Bilirubin
37
CBC
White blood cells Red blood cells Hemoglobin Hematocrit Platelets MCV MCH MCHC RDW
38
CBC w/Diff--all parts of CBC w/analysis of WBC components:
Result as a %, all 5 will equal 100%: Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils Result as physical #: Neutrophils Absolute Lymphocytes Absolute Monocytes Absolute Eosonophils Absolute Basophils Absolute
39
This test analyzes the amount of each leukocyte present
CBC w/Diff (an increase in one type of leukocyte means a decrease in another)
40
Causes of low Albumin
Malnutrition (no protein/amino acids available for the liver to make the Albumin) Impaired liver function (liver unable to synthesize the Albumin)
41
Ammonia
Waste product of digestion
42
The liver takes ammonia amd turns it into
Urea nitrogen
43
Bilirubin
Waste product produced by the breakdown of hemoglobin and Excreted in bile (made by liver)
44
What medication will alter and prolong PT/INR?
Warfarin
45
What medication will alter and prolong PTT?
Heparin
46
If a patient has liver disease we expect
Prolonged coagulation study values
47
If a pt taking Warfarin is within the therapeutic range for INR, are they at a risk for bleeding?
Yes, prolonged but taken to avoid clots
48
REMEMBER: !
If PT, INR, or PTT are above normal range, the bleeding times are longer and the pt is at increased risk for bleeding because it takes blood longer to clot!
49
Heparin
Anticoagulant given to prolong clotting time and reduce clots We expect the PTT to be increased (therapeutic range)
50
Warfarin
Anticoagulant given to prolong clotting time and reduce clots We expect the PT/INR to be increased
51
Therapeutic Range
The medicine is working as it should in the correct range that is not in the normal range for this type of patient
52
If a pt has a prolonged PT/INR was is the risk?
Bleeding
53
5 types of leukocytes
Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
54
Leukopenia
Decreased WBC Count
55
Thrombocytopenia
Decreased platelet count
56
Thrombocytosis
Elevated platelet count
57
Erythropenia
Reduced number of RBCs, and H&H
58
Erythrocytosis
Increased number of RBCs, and H&H
59
Blood pH
7.35-7.45
60
PCO2 (acid) lungs
35-45 mm Hg
61
HCO3 (Bicarbonate (base) -kidneys
20-26 mEq/L
62
Phosphate
Forms bones and teeth Used by cell for energy Builds cell membranes
63
Phosphate is the bodies form of
Phosphorous
64
Phosphate is stored in the
Bones
65
Role of chloride
Maintains the body's acid base balance (pH levels) Moves fluid in and out of the cells
66
Magnesium and Calcium
Go hand in hand, imbalances are usually accompanied by eachother
67
Role of magnesium
Critical in nearly all metabolic processes Works with calcium for proper function of excitable cells: cardiac and smooth muscle and nerve cells
68
How does Vitin D get to its active form?
The kidneys
69
If the kidneys aren't working, can they activate Vitamin D?
No
70
Calcium can only be absorbed from the intestines in the presence of
Vitamin D
71
Role of Calcium
Essential for proper functioning of excitable muscle cells Promotes cardiac and smooth muscle contraction Helps maintain normal heart rhythm Blood vessel constriction Keeps bones/teeth strong
72
Where is calcium stored
Bones and teeth
73
Role of potassium
Important for the function of all muscles: cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle K kills
74
Role of Sodium ( ALWAYS THINK BRAIN)
Keeps appropriate fluid balance within body Optimal cell function especially the central nervous system
75
Water follows
Sodium Sodium imbalances are often associated with fluid imbalances
76
Electrolytes (6) include:
Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium Chloride Phosphate
77
Sodium
136-145 <120 >160
78
Potassium
3.5-5 <3 >6.1
79
Chloride
98-106 <80 >115
80
CO2
23-30 <10 >40
81
Glucose
74-106 <40 >450
82
BUN
10-20 >100
83
Creatinine (Crt)
0.6-1.2 >4
84
eGFR
>60 mL/min
85
Total Calcium
9.0-10.5 <6 >13
86
Anion Gap
12-16
87
Total Protein
6.4- 8.3
88
Albumin
3.5-5
89
Bilirubin
0.3-1.0 >12
90
ALP
30-120
91
AST
0-35
92
ALT
4-36
93
WBCs
5,000-10,000 <2,000 >40,000
94
RBCs
4.2-6.1
95
Hemoglobin
12-18 <7 >21
96
Platelet count
150,000-400,000 <20,000 >1 million
97
PTT
60-70 seconds
98
PT
11-12.5 seconds
99
INR
0.8- 1.1
100
D-Dimer
<500
101
ESR
<20 mm/hr
102
CRP
<10mg/L
103
Creatinine Clearance
About 120mL/min
104
GFR
About 120mL/min
105
Amylase
60-120 units/mL
106
Lipase
0-160 units/L
107
HGBA1C
4-6% Good <7% Fair 8-9% Poor >9%
108
TSH
0.3-5.0
109
Total T3
40-205 ng/dL
110
Free T4
0.8-2.8 ng/dL
111
Total T4
4-12 mcg/dL
112
HDL
>45
113
LDL
<130
114
Triglycerides
40-160
115
Total Cholesterol
<200
116
Magnesium
1.3-2.1 <0.5 >3
117
Phosphate
3-4.5 <1
118
Lactic Acid
0.6-2.2 Critically high >4
119
Troponin
<0.03
120
CKMB
0
121
BNP
<100
122
Digoxin
0.8-2.0
123
Rapid acting insulins
Humalog-Insulin Lispro Novolog- insulin Aspart "Logs roll rapidly down hill"
124
Cool and clammy eat some candy
Hypoglycemia
125
High and dry, sugar high
Hyperglycemia
126
What is hypovolemia?
Decreased volume of circulating blood
127
B12 levels
Normal 200-900 B12 is not absorbed if no intrinsic factor
128
Vegetarians are short in
B12
129
Filgrastim (neupogen)
Bone marrow stimulant -given IM to produce neutrophils
130
Neutrophils become low from
Chemo
131
Hematocrit
37%-52%
132
Neutrophils Bands Segments
55-70% 2.8-3.6% 52.2-66.4%
133
Antibodies are the
Fighters
134
+Blood can receive
+ & -
135
O can only receive
O Blood

My Cards (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions