Labs Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
Xray
A
Electromagnetic radiation is used to visualize bones, tissues and blood vessels
1
Q
Ultrasound
A
Sonogram nurses use sound waves to create images of internal parts of the body
2
Q
MRI
A
Magnetic resonance imaging; can see through bone and provide images in multiple planes; uses radio waves; more detailed than CT scan
Pt must remain still; no pts with implantable metal devices such as pacemakers
3
Q
CT Scan
A
Computed Tomography; fast series of xray pictures; much faster than MRI
4
Q
Cultures and Sensitivities
A
Culture is used to figure out which microbe
Sensitivity tests what medicine is effective against it
5
Q
Biopsy
A
Procedure to remove a piece of tissue to be tested
6
Q
RBC
A
4.5-5.5 million
7
Q
Hgb
A
12-16 g/dL (women)
14-18 g/dL (men)
8
Q
Hct
A
37-47% (women)
42-52% (men)
9
Q
Platelets
A
150,000-400,000
10
Q
WBC
A
5,000-10,000
11
Q
Sodium
A
135-145 mEq/L
12
Q
Calcium
A
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
13
Q
Vitamin D
A
20-40 ng/mL
14
Q
Potassium
A
3.5-5 mEq/L
15
Q
Albumin
A
3.5-6g/dL
16
Q
PreAlbumin
A
15-35 mg/dL
17
Q
Bilirubin
A
0.1-1.0 mg/dL
18
Q
BUN
A
10-20 mg/dL
19
Q
Creatinine
A
0.6-1.2 mg/dL
20
Q
Cortisol
A
10-20 mcg/dL
21
Q
Intraocular Pressure (IOP)
A
10-21 mmHg
22
Q
BNP
A
B-type natriuretic peptide
Less than 100
23
Q
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1A)
A
80-220 mg/dL
24
Chloride
95-105 mEq/L
25
Phosphorus
2.5-4.5 mg/dL
26
Magnesium
1.5-2.0 mEq/L
27
Glucose
Fasting - 70-110 mg/dL
2h postprandial (after eating) - over 120 mg/dL
Pre-diabetic: 100-125
Diabetic: 125+
28
pO2
80-100%
29
pH
7.35-7.45
30
paCO2
35-45 mmHg
31
HCO3
22-26 mEq/L
32
INR
Not on warfarin - less than 1
On warfarin - 2-3
33
aPTT
activated partial thromboplastin time
Not on heparin - 30-40 seconds
On heparin - 1.5-2.5x normal (30-70 secs)
34
AST
10-35
35
ALT
5-35
36
PT
Prothrombin Time
10-14 seconds
37
Iron
60-170 mcg/dL
38
Total cholesterol
Under 200 mg/dL
39
Triglycerides
Less than 150 mg/dL
40
HDL
At least 40 (men), 30 (women)
60 is better
41
LDL
Below 130
Below 70 for cardiac patients
42
Troponin
0.0-0.4 ng/mL
43
CK-MB
3 to 5% (percentage of total CK) or 5 to 25 IU/L
44
MCV
80-100 fL
45
Ejection fraction
50% to 70%
46
D-dimer
Less than 250 ng/mL
47
Anion gap
8-12 mEq/L
Measures the difference—or gap—between the negatively charged and positively charged electrolytes in your blood
48
HgA1C
Normal: Under 6%
Prediabetes: 6-7%
Diabetes: 7%+
49
Glucose tolerance test
Normal: 140 or lower
Prediabetes: 140-199
Diabetes: 200+
50
C-reactive protein
Normal: Less than 0.3
Normal/minor elevator: 0.3-1.0
Protein made by liver that **indicates inflammation**
51
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
Positive or negative for antibodies
Used for autoimmune disorders
52
Uric acid
Under 7 males/postmenopausal women
Under 6 premenopausal women
53
Rheumatoid factor (RF)
0-20 U/mL
54
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or Sed rate)
Men under 50: 15 mm/hr
Women under 50: 20 mm/hr
Men over 50: 20 mm/hr
Women over 50: 30 mm/hr
55
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
40-130 U/L
56
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
140-280 U/L
57
Serum Amylase
30-110 U/L
58
Lipase
23-300 U/L
59
Ammonia
19-60 mcg/dL
60
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
8-20 U/L
61
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
8-20 U/L
62
Bone density
Normal: -1 to +1
Osteopenia: -1 to -2.5
Osteoporosis: lower than -2.5
63
Bone scan
A bone scan is a test that uses **nuclear imaging to helps diagnose and track several types of bone disease** using small amounts of radioactive substances, a special camera that can detect the radioactivity and a computer to see structures such as bones inside the body.
64
Electromyography (EMG)
Measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve’s stimulation of the muscle. The test is used to help detect neuromuscular abnormalities
65
AP&Lat
Anterior-Posterior and lateral x-ray images
66
Arthroscopy
A procedure for diagnosing and treating joint problems. A surgeon inserts a narrow tube attached to a fiber-optic video camera through a small incision — about the size of a buttonhole
67
Arthrocentesis
A procedure where a doctor uses a needle to take fluid out of a joint
68
Gallium and Thallium scan
A type of nuclear scan that can find cancer, infection or inflammation in the body. A radioactive substance into the bloodstream. The gallium settles in areas of the body where there is inflammation or infection. A special camera locates the gallium and takes pictures.
69
Bone/muscle biopsy
A procedure and test that can help diagnose muscle-related conditions (myopathies).
A healthcare provider takes a small sample of your skeletal muscle and sends it to a lab for analysis under a microscope
70
Upper GI (Barium swallow)
AKA esophagogram
An imaging test that checks for problems in your upper GI tract.
The test uses a special type of x-ray called fluoroscopy
71
Lower GI (Barium enema)
A radiographic (X-ray) examination of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The large intestine, including the rectum, is made visible on X-ray film by filling the colon with a liquid suspension called barium sulfate (barium)
72
Manometry and Electrophysiology
Manometry and electrophysiologic studies are methods for evaluating patients with GI motility disorders. The manometry test measures changes in intraluminal pressures and the coordination of muscle activity in the GI tract. The pressures can be recorded manually, on a physiograph, or on a computer.
73
Gastric analysis
A direct technique to assess the acid secretory potential of the stomach
74
Laparoscopy
A surgical procedure used to examine the organs in the abdomen
Uses a thin lighted tube with a camera
75
Endoscopy
A nonsurgical procedure that can be used to examine your digestive tract. Using an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, your doctor can view pictures of your digestive tract on a color TV monitor
76
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
A simple procedure to examine your upper GI tract. The test involves an endoscope, a lighted camera on the end of a tube, which is passed down your throat to visualize your esophagus, stomach and duodenum
77
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
A procedure that combines upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and x-rays to find and treat problems of the bile and pancreatic ducts.
78
Colonoscopy
Colonoscope used to see inside colon/large intestine
79
Enteroscopy
Scope used to examine small intestine
80
Sigmoidoscopy
Scope used to examine sigmoid colon
81
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
Multiple samples of prostate tissue are collected by inserting hollow needles into the prostate and then withdrawing them
82
Dihydrotestosterone
14-77 ng/dL
Androgen - male growth hormone
