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Hematopoieis > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

1
Q

List the types of white blood cells

A

Neutrophils, banded neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

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2
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

production of blood cells and platelets

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3
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

production of red cells

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4
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

production of white cells

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5
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

production of platelets

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6
Q

“poiesis”

A

production of

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7
Q

Sites of hematopoiesis

normal circumstances

A

Red bone marrow

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8
Q

Sites of hematopoiesis

in distress

A

Red bone marrow, Yellow bone marrow gets converted to red bone marrow, Liver, Spleen

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9
Q

Name all the blood cells

A 
red blood cell - erythrocyte
white blood cell - leucocyte
thrombocytes - platelet
leucocyte - neutrophil
leucocyte - lymphocyte
leucocyte - monocyte
leucocyte – eosinophils
leucocyte - basophil
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10
Q

List two cell types that might be considered variations from the normal

A

Banded neutrophils, ovalocytes

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11
Q

Name the cell with the large pink -azurophilic- granules

A

Eosinophil

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12
Q

Name the cell with the large blue-black granules

A

Basophil

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13
Q

In what area of the body are cells produced

A

Bone marrow and lymph nodes

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14
Q

Name the cell with the bean shaped nucleus.

A

Monocyte

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15
Q

Name the cell that has a central pallor

A

Erythrocyte

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16
Q

Name the two cells that do not contain a nucleus

A

Erythrocyte, platelets

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17
Q

In which cell do we find hemoglobin

A

Erythrocyte

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18
Q

Give the term that means the production of blood cells in the bone

A

Intramedulary hematopoiesis

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19
Q

In a test tube, the liquid portion contains

A 
Protein
Glucose
Electrolytes
Hormones
Fats
Water
Antibodies
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20
Q

In a test tube, the solid portion contains

A

Red blood cells – erythrocytes
Platelets – thrombocytes
White blood cells – leucocyte

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21
Q

Erythropoietin

A

a hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases the rate of production of red blood cells in response to falling levels of oxygen in the tissues.

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22
Q

Thrombopoietin

A

glycoprotein hormone produced by the liver and kidney which regulates the production of platelets. It stimulates the production and differentiation of megakaryocytes, the bone marrow cells that bud off large numbers of platelets.

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23
Q

State the different bones of the body that have red marrow and produce blood cells in non-stressed environments.

A

Skull, vertibra, hip, sternum and the ends of the long bones

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24
Q

What is yellow marrow, what is it made of, where do you find it, why do we have it?

A

Yellow marrow is made of lipid and found in the long bones. Yellow marrow is converted to red marrow in times of stress and will produce red blood cells.

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25
Q

Give the name of the earliest cell – the one with the option to choose what to become.

A

Stem cell

26
Q

List all the options that this earliest cell may become.

A

Lymphocyte, erythrocyte, thrombocytes, neutrophil, eosinophils, basophil

27
Q

What is the name of the precursor of thrombocytes?

A

megakaryocyte

28
Q

What is special about the production of lymphocytes

A

It is done in the lymph nodes

29
Q

What does the term “shift to the left” mean

A

Increased number of banded neutrophils (more immature than mature neutrophils)

30
Q

If cells are not produced in the bone marrow they may be produced else where in the body - where is that

A

Liver, Spleen

31
Q

What is the name of the stain used for reticulocytes

A

New Methylene Blue

32
Q

Process of erythropoiesis

A

erythrocytes are continuously produced in the red bone marrow of large bones,at a rate of about 2 million per second in a healthy adult.

33
Q

Normal cell

A

Normocytic

34
Q

A variation in erythrocyte is known as

A

Anisocytosis

35
Q

Second cell to arrive at the site of an infection

A

Monocyte

36
Q

Kidneys and hematopoiesis

A

All circulating blood goes through the kidney
Kidney registers the amount of oxygen carried in the blood
If the oxygen levels are low the kidney produces a chemical call Erythropoietin
This chemical causes the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Increase in erythrocytes (red blood cells) = increase in oxygen

37
Q

First cell to response to an infection

A

Neutrophils

38
Q

Phagocyte

A

Engulfing and absorbing bacteria

39
Q

Blood contains

A 
B6
B12
Iron
Amino Acids
Folate
40
Q

Normal cell

A

Normocyte

41
Q

Normal Colour

A

Normochromic

42
Q

possible outcomes when hemoglobin and red cell production is impaired

A

Anemia

43
Q

possible outcomes when hemoglobin and red cells are over produced

A

Polycythemia

44
Q

possible outcomes when white cell production is impaired

A

inflammation, Leukemia

45
Q

possible outcomes when white cells are overproduced

A

Hypereosinophilic syndrome, characterized by persistent eosinophilia – that is, sustained overproduction of eosinophils (white blood cells of the immune system) in the bone marrow

46
Q

platelet production

A

Platelets are produced from very large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytic.
they are fragments of cytoplasm which are derived from the megakaryocytic

47
Q

platelets uses

A

contribute to hemostasis(process which causes bleeding to stop)

48
Q

neutrophil

A

Most common peripheral WBC
Irregular, segmented nucleus with coarse clumped chromatin staining dark purple
Cytoplasm is pale pink with faint granulation
Avian neutrophil is called a heterophil
Horse neutrophils are more segmented than a dog neutrophil

49
Q

Basophil

A

Cytoplasmic granules stain blue to blue-black and may be few in number or more
Gray-blue cytoplasm often with small vacuoles
Associated with mast cells, involved with hypersensitivity reactions

50
Q

Eosinophil

A

Nuclear structure similar to neutrophil but nor as coarsely clumped chromatin
Distinctive red to purple staining cytoplasmic granules that vary in size and shape among species
Increase is noted in allergic or hypersensitive/ parasites reactions

51
Q

Lymphocyte

A

Small and large forms are recognized
High nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
Coarse, clumped dark staining chromatin
Slight sky-blue cytoplasm surrounding nucleus of small forms with more cytoplasm in large lymphocytes
Cattle have more lymphocytes than neutrophils

52
Q

Monocyte

A

Largest of the peripheral WBC’s
Variable nuclear shape (kidney bean shape) with diffuse chromatin, not as intensely stained
Blue-gray cytoplasm ,possibly with vacuoles(stomach) and fine pink granules
Circulates briefly in blood before entering the tissues as macrophages
(pac-men of cells)

53
Q

Thrombocyte

A

Also called platelets
Anuclear cytoplasmic fragments from cells that are in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes
Vary in size, shape and color
Usually small pale blue to pink-purple color
May be found in clumps
Are an important component of hemostasis
not really a cell

54
Q

Nucleated red blood cell

A 
Slightly larger than mature RBC
Darker staining cytoplasm, retained nucleus
Immature cell
Not normally found in peripheral blood
Released in response to anemia
(they don't carry oxygen)
55
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Mature erythrocytes range for 3 to 7 um
Mature cell stains pink in color with an area of central pallor; nucleated in avian and reptiles and amphibians called NORMOCHROMIC
Polychromasia – stain with a bluish tint

56
Q

What is the reference range for a reticulocyte count in either a dog or a cat?

A
  1. 4% is normal in cats

0. 5% is normal in dogs

57
Q

Megakaryocytes

A

huge, has to stay in the bone marrow because there is not a big enough opening to go out
It shoots out small parts of them and it become thrombocytes

58
Q

EDTA

A

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

a chelating agent that binds calcium and other metals; used as an anticoagulant for preserving blood specimens.

59
Q

blood sample

A

> Sample anticoagulant….EDTA – purple top
Fill tube to the top
Gently mix
Label tube

60
Q

Blood

A

Manufactured in red bone marrow, spleen, liver
pH 7.4
50% fluid
spleen removes old or destroyed cells

61
Q

Hypochromasia

A

lack of decrease in staining intensity because of a lack of hemoglobin

62
Q

Megakaryocytes

A

huge, has to stay in the bone marrow because there is not a big enough opening to go out
It shoots out small parts of them and it become thrombocytes

Hematopoieis (6 decks)

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