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Hematopoieis > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

1
Q

List the types of white blood cells

A

Neutrophils, banded neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

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2
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

production of blood cells and platelets

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3
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

production of red cells

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4
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

production of white cells

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5
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

production of platelets

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6
Q

“poiesis”

A

production of

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7
Q

Sites of hematopoiesis

normal circumstances

A

Red bone marrow

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8
Q

Sites of hematopoiesis

in distress

A

Red bone marrow, Yellow bone marrow gets converted to red bone marrow, Liver, Spleen

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9
Q

Name all the blood cells

A 
red blood cell - erythrocyte
white blood cell - leucocyte
thrombocytes - platelet
leucocyte - neutrophil
leucocyte - lymphocyte
leucocyte - monocyte
leucocyte – eosinophils
leucocyte - basophil
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10
Q

List two cell types that might be considered variations from the normal

A

Banded neutrophils, ovalocytes

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11
Q

Name the cell with the large pink -azurophilic- granules

A

Eosinophil

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12
Q

Name the cell with the large blue-black granules

A

Basophil

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13
Q

In what area of the body are cells produced

A

Bone marrow and lymph nodes

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14
Q

Name the cell with the bean shaped nucleus.

A

Monocyte

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15
Q

Name the cell that has a central pallor

A

Erythrocyte

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16
Q

Name the two cells that do not contain a nucleus

A

Erythrocyte, platelets

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17
Q

In which cell do we find hemoglobin

A

Erythrocyte

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18
Q

Give the term that means the production of blood cells in the bone

A

Intramedulary hematopoiesis

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19
Q

In a test tube, the liquid portion contains

A 
Protein
Glucose
Electrolytes
Hormones
Fats
Water
Antibodies
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20
Q

In a test tube, the solid portion contains

A

Red blood cells – erythrocytes
Platelets – thrombocytes
White blood cells – leucocyte

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21
Q

Erythropoietin

A

a hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases the rate of production of red blood cells in response to falling levels of oxygen in the tissues.

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22
Q

Thrombopoietin

A

glycoprotein hormone produced by the liver and kidney which regulates the production of platelets. It stimulates the production and differentiation of megakaryocytes, the bone marrow cells that bud off large numbers of platelets.

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23
Q

State the different bones of the body that have red marrow and produce blood cells in non-stressed environments.

A

Skull, vertibra, hip, sternum and the ends of the long bones

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24
Q

What is yellow marrow, what is it made of, where do you find it, why do we have it?

A

Yellow marrow is made of lipid and found in the long bones. Yellow marrow is converted to red marrow in times of stress and will produce red blood cells.

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25
Give the name of the earliest cell – the one with the option to choose what to become.
Stem cell
26
List all the options that this earliest cell may become.
Lymphocyte, erythrocyte, thrombocytes, neutrophil, eosinophils, basophil
27
What is the name of the precursor of thrombocytes?
megakaryocyte
28
What is special about the production of lymphocytes
It is done in the lymph nodes
29
What does the term “shift to the left” mean
Increased number of banded neutrophils (more immature than mature neutrophils)
30
If cells are not produced in the bone marrow they may be produced else where in the body - where is that
Liver, Spleen
31
What is the name of the stain used for reticulocytes
New Methylene Blue
32
Process of erythropoiesis
erythrocytes are continuously produced in the red bone marrow of large bones,at a rate of about 2 million per second in a healthy adult.
33
Normal cell
Normocytic
34
A variation in erythrocyte is known as
Anisocytosis
35
Second cell to arrive at the site of an infection
Monocyte
36
Kidneys and hematopoiesis
All circulating blood goes through the kidney Kidney registers the amount of oxygen carried in the blood If the oxygen levels are low the kidney produces a chemical call Erythropoietin This chemical causes the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (erythrocytes) Increase in erythrocytes (red blood cells) = increase in oxygen
37
First cell to response to an infection
Neutrophils
38
Phagocyte
Engulfing and absorbing bacteria
39
Blood contains
``` B6 B12 Iron Amino Acids Folate ```
40
Normal cell
Normocyte
41
Normal Colour
Normochromic
42
possible outcomes when hemoglobin and red cell production is impaired
Anemia
43
possible outcomes when hemoglobin and red cells are over produced
Polycythemia
44
possible outcomes when white cell production is impaired
inflammation, Leukemia
45
possible outcomes when white cells are overproduced
Hypereosinophilic syndrome, characterized by persistent eosinophilia -- that is, sustained overproduction of eosinophils (white blood cells of the immune system) in the bone marrow
46
platelet production
Platelets are produced from very large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytic. they are fragments of cytoplasm which are derived from the megakaryocytic
47
platelets uses
contribute to hemostasis(process which causes bleeding to stop)
48
neutrophil
Most common peripheral WBC Irregular, segmented nucleus with coarse clumped chromatin staining dark purple Cytoplasm is pale pink with faint granulation Avian neutrophil is called a heterophil Horse neutrophils are more segmented than a dog neutrophil
49
Basophil
Cytoplasmic granules stain blue to blue-black and may be few in number or more Gray-blue cytoplasm often with small vacuoles Associated with mast cells, involved with hypersensitivity reactions
50
Eosinophil
Nuclear structure similar to neutrophil but nor as coarsely clumped chromatin Distinctive red to purple staining cytoplasmic granules that vary in size and shape among species Increase is noted in allergic or hypersensitive/ parasites reactions
51
Lymphocyte
Small and large forms are recognized High nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio Coarse, clumped dark staining chromatin Slight sky-blue cytoplasm surrounding nucleus of small forms with more cytoplasm in large lymphocytes Cattle have more lymphocytes than neutrophils
52
Monocyte
Largest of the peripheral WBC’s Variable nuclear shape (kidney bean shape) with diffuse chromatin, not as intensely stained Blue-gray cytoplasm ,possibly with vacuoles(stomach) and fine pink granules Circulates briefly in blood before entering the tissues as macrophages (pac-men of cells)
53
Thrombocyte
Also called platelets Anuclear cytoplasmic fragments from cells that are in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes Vary in size, shape and color Usually small pale blue to pink-purple color May be found in clumps Are an important component of hemostasis not really a cell
54
Nucleated red blood cell
``` Slightly larger than mature RBC Darker staining cytoplasm, retained nucleus Immature cell Not normally found in peripheral blood Released in response to anemia (they don't carry oxygen) ```
55
Erythrocyte
Mature erythrocytes range for 3 to 7 um Mature cell stains pink in color with an area of central pallor; nucleated in avian and reptiles and amphibians called NORMOCHROMIC Polychromasia – stain with a bluish tint
56
What is the reference range for a reticulocyte count in either a dog or a cat?
0. 4% is normal in cats | 0. 5% is normal in dogs
57
Megakaryocytes
huge, has to stay in the bone marrow because there is not a big enough opening to go out It shoots out small parts of them and it become thrombocytes
58
EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | a chelating agent that binds calcium and other metals; used as an anticoagulant for preserving blood specimens.
59
blood sample
>Sample anticoagulant….EDTA – purple top >Fill tube to the top >Gently mix >Label tube
60
Blood
Manufactured in red bone marrow, spleen, liver pH 7.4 50% fluid spleen removes old or destroyed cells
61
Hypochromasia
lack of decrease in staining intensity because of a lack of hemoglobin
62
Megakaryocytes
huge, has to stay in the bone marrow because there is not a big enough opening to go out It shoots out small parts of them and it become thrombocytes

Hematopoieis (6 decks)

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