Labs

Question 1

Key things to look for in a salivary gland

Answer 1

Interlobular duct
Lobules
Nervous tissue
Mucus acina
Serous acina
Interlobular striated duct

Question 2

Interlobular duct histology

Answer 2

Long thin vessel, large lumen, no endothelial cell lining

Question 3

Mucus acinus histology

Answer 3

Light staining due to absence of enzymes
Very peripheral nuclei
Lobular appearance

Question 4

Serous acinus histology

Answer 4

Dark staining due to presence of zymogen granules containing digestive enzymes
More centralised nuclei

Question 5

Interlobular striated duct histology

Answer 5

Kiwifruit slice

Large lumen, centralised nuclei

Question 6

Adventitia is between a structure and:

Answer 6

Another structure

Question 7

Serosa is between a structure and:

Answer 7

A body cavity

Question 8

Connective tissue between oesophagus and trachea

Answer 8

Adventitia
Loose connective tissue
Allows expansion of oesophagus during swallowing

Question 9

The outermost layer of the abdominal oesophagus is called the _______ _________ and is lined by __________ ____

Answer 9

Visceral peritoneum

Mesothelial cells

Question 10

Histologically, how could you differentiate between the pharyngeal and gastric ends of the oesophagus?

Answer 10

Pharyngeal end contains skeletal muscle and therefore striations which stain darker around the edge of the tissue

Question 11

Contraction of inner circular layer of muscularis externa allows:

Answer 11

Narrowing of lumen

Question 12

Contraction of outer longitudinal layer of muscularis externa allows:

Answer 12

Tube shortening

Together with contraction of inner circular layer, peristalsis

Question 13

Structures found in the lamina propria

Answer 13

Projections

Blood vessels

Question 14

Layer of muscularis externa rarely seen

Answer 14

Innermost oblique layer rarely seen in histological sections

Question 15

Feature of surface mucus epithelium

Answer 15

Goblet cells

Question 16

Feature of parietal cells

Answer 16

Fried egg shape

Question 17

Feature of chief cells

Answer 17

Bottom of gastric pit, stain dark due to presence of enzymes

Question 18

Function of parietal cells

Answer 18

Secretes H+ and Cl-

Question 19

Function of chief cells

Answer 19

Secretes pepsinogen

Question 20

Layers of tissue in a histological section of stomach

Answer 20

Mucosa
- epithelium (including plicae circularis, villi, intestinal glands and microvilli brush border)
- lamina propria
- muscularis mucosae (doesn’t pick up stain)
Submucosa (contains blood vessels, can extend right up into plicae)
Muscularis externa
- inner circular
- myenteric nerve plexus
- outer longitudinal

Question 21

The inner circular layer of the muscularis externa can look like it has many gaps because:

Answer 21

Dehydration from sectioning causes exaggeration of natural gaps. Also present in outer longitudinal but not as obvious

Question 22

Paneth cells histology

Answer 22

Present in crypts

Stain dark and look similar to serous acina

Question 23

Types of cells found in cryptal epithelium

Answer 23

Secretory cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Stem cells

Question 24

Types of cells/structures found in villous core

Answer 24

Lacteal
Blood vessels
Lymphocytes

Question 25

Peyers patches

Answer 25

Aggregates of lymphocytes near the colon end of small intestine. Proximal intestine also has some but they aren't called Peyers patches

Question 26

Nerve tissue is found in:

Answer 26

Muscularis mucosae and between the muscular layers in the externa

Question 27

Exocrine pancreas histology

Answer 27

Stains dark due to zymogen granules | Makes up most of pancreas

Question 28

Endocrine pancreas histology

Answer 28

Islets of Langerhans | Dispersed light staining areas

Question 29

Area of pancreas with no stain picked up

Answer 29

Interlobular connective tissue - doesn't stain

Question 30

3 things to look for in exocrine pancreas

Answer 30

Pancreatic duct - large lumen, sometimes secretions can be seen, cuboidal cells Vein - thin wall, blood cells can be seen inside Arteriole - thicker wall

Question 31

Organisation of hepatic lobule

Answer 31

``` Hexagonal lobule Central vein in middle Portal spaces at corners Hepatocytes and sinusoids radiate away from central vein Bile flows from CV to PS Blood flows from PS to CV ```

Question 32

Hepatic artery histology

Answer 32

Small | Thick wall, small lumen

Question 33

Bile duct histology

Answer 33

Smallish | Thin wall, large lumen

Question 34

4th unseen portal space component

Answer 34

Lymphatics

Question 35

Central vein structure

Answer 35

No smooth muscle | Only a little connective tissue for support