Labs

Question 1

which weeks constitute the 1st trimester?

Answer 1

1-13

Question 2

what weeks constitute the 2nd trimester

Answer 2

14-26

Question 3

what information can be provided by transvag US on 3rd trimester US?

Answer 3

presentation

Question 4

layer of endo sloughed off during menstruation

Answer 4

functional layer

Question 5

hormone produced by follicular cells

Answer 5

estrogen

Question 6

In IVF, what stage of development is the embryo when introduced into the uterus?

Answer 6

blastocyst

Question 7

which specific arteries empty blood into the intervillous spaces?

Answer 7

spiral arteries

Question 8

what layer of the gastrula will differentiate into the brain cells?

Answer 8

ectoderm

Question 9

sono appearance of DDSS

Answer 9

decidua parietlis and decidua capsularis (both smooth)

Question 10

decidua basalis sono appearance

Answer 10

echogenic, heterogenous

Question 11

what will be seen at 2wk GA

Answer 11

no gestational sac, possible thickened endo

Question 12

what will be seen at 3.5-4wk GA

Answer 12

focal thickening of one side of endo

Question 13

what will be seen at 5 wk GA

Answer 13

GS will be visible once MSD reaches 2-3mm

Question 14

what will be seen at 5.5 wk GA

Answer 14

YS

Question 15

what will be seen at 6wk GA

Answer 15

embryo adjacent to YS

Question 16

what will be seen at 9wk

Answer 16

limb buds may be seen

Question 17

transvag normal measurement of MSD with YS present at 5.5 wk

Answer 17

8 mm

Question 18

transvag normal measurement of MSD with embryo present at 6 wk

Answer 18

16 mm

Question 19

if MSD is larger than 8 or 16 mm without the associated structure, what does this suggest?

Answer 19

early pregnancy failure

Question 20

in fraternal twins, what chorionicity and amnionicity are expected to be seen on sonogram

Answer 20

2 chorions

2 amnions

Question 21

what risks are assoc with MCDA twins? (2)

Answer 21

shared nutrients

TTTS

Question 22

what risks are associated with MCMA twins? (3)

Answer 22

entangled cords,
kicking
shared blood supply

Question 23

what is oligohydramnios

Answer 23

amniotic fluid volume less than expected for GA

Question 24

during fetal biometry, which femur should always be measured

Answer 24

in near field

Question 25

why is breech position considered high risk

Answer 25

pinches umbilical cord

Question 26

what is the threshold for nuchal translucency at the NT U/S

Answer 26

<3 mm

Question 27

at what measurement is nuchal translucency measurement valid?

Answer 27

CRL 45-84 mm

Question 28

a round anechoic structure is seen in the fetal head at 9 weeks. what is this? what does it become?

Answer 28

rhombencephalon - diencephalon

Question 29

what's nuchal cord?

Answer 29

where umbilical cord becomes wrapped around fetus's neck

Question 30

CRL is measuring 25 mm. what is the approx GA?

Answer 30

9-10 weeks

Question 31

How do you measure nuchal fold?

Answer 31

outer-outer

Question 32

somites form 3 diff layers

Answer 32

sclerotome myotome dermatome

Question 33

what structure connects the two lobes of the thalamus

Answer 33

interthalamic adhesion

Question 34

head shape would result in a long OFD and short BPD measurement

Answer 34

dolchiocephaly

Question 35

hypotelorism

Answer 35

eyes too close together

Question 36

micrognathia

Answer 36

poor development of jaw

Question 37

list the five main tissue prominences and the adult structures that they become

Answer 37

1. frontonasal - forehead/apex of nose 2. maxillary - upper cheeks/upper lip 3. mandibular lower cheek/ lower lip, chin 4. lateral nasal - nasal ala 5. medial nasal - nasal septum

Question 38

what can the facial angle of the fetal profile tell us?

Answer 38

if baby has chromosomal abnormality

Question 39

what is the purpose of the coronal nose/lips view

Answer 39

to check for cleft lip

Question 40

what adult structures does the pharynx become?

Answer 40

esophagus/trachea

Question 41

differences between a nuchal translucency and nuchal thickness/fold assessment

Answer 41

NT - anechoic space, a collection of fluid under skin of fetal neck <3 mm thickness/fold - thickness of skin behind occipital bone <6 mm (before 22 weeks), outer to outer