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PHRM 865 > Lacount TB > Flashcards

Lacount TB Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

name the organism that causes TB

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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2
Q

what is acid fast bacteria

A

when stained with dye it does not get decolorized but remains red

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3
Q

what keeps the red dye from being decolorized

A

mycolic acid rich cell wall

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4
Q

composition of the mycobacterial cell wall

A

mycolic acid rich region
arabinogalactan
peptidoglycan
lipid bilayer

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5
Q

isoniazid activation

A

KatG protein

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6
Q

isoniazid MOA

A

forms adducts with NAD and NADP which inhibits InhA (part of FAS II) blocking mycolic acid synthesis and causing defective cell wall

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7
Q

resistance to isoniazid

A

over expression of InhA
KatG mutation not allowing activation of isoniazid

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8
Q

adverse effects of isoniazid

A

hepatitis
peripheral neuropathy

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9
Q

pyrazinamide activation

A

activated by pncA
active only at pH <5.5

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10
Q

pyrazinamide MOA

A

inhibits panD leading to inhibition of coA synthesis

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11
Q

pyrazinamide resistance

A

mutations in pncA (can’t get activated)

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12
Q

adverse effects pyrazinamide

A

joint pain
hepatitis

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13
Q

ethambutol MOA

A

inhibits mycobacterial arabinosyl transferase so there will be defective cell walls due to this layer not being made (arabinogalactan cant be made)

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14
Q

ethambutol resistance

A

overexpression of mutations in arabinosyl transferase

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15
Q

ethambutol use

A

in combo with rifampin

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16
Q

adverse effects of ethambutol

A

optic neuritis

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17
Q

rifampin MOA

A

binds to RNA polymerase deep within the DNA/RNA channel, blocks path of elongating DNA and prevents RNA synthesis

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18
Q

adverse reaction rifampin

A

orange urine, tears, sweat
hepatitis
CYP interactions

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19
Q

most effective first line agent

A

rifampin

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20
Q

moxifloxacin MOA

A

traps gyrase on DNA as ternary complex, prevents resolution of supercoils and disrupts DNA replication

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21
Q

bedaquiline MOA

A

inhibits ATP synthase

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22
Q

bedaquiline resistance

A

mutations in atpE (target enzyme)

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23
Q

pretomanid activation

Study These Flashcards
A

prodrug activated by Ddn

24
Q

pretomanid MOA

Study These Flashcards
A

inhibits mycolic acid production
ATP depletion

25
BPaL treatment
bedaquiline pretomanid linezolid
26
second line TB agents
streptomycin ethionamide para-aminosalicylic acid cycloserine capreomycin
27
lice transmission
direct contact
28
lice population
children aged 3-11
29
pinworms population
school aged children 5-10
30
pinworms spread
fecal-oral route
31
lice symptoms
itching
32
pinworms symptoms
perianal itching
33
pyrethrin use
lice
34
pyrethrin MOA
nerve membrane sodium channel toxins that do not affect potassium channels
35
spinosad use
lice
36
spinosad MOA
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist causing rapid excitation of insect nervous system causing death
37
albendazole use
pinworms
38
albendazole MOA
binds to tubulin and inhibits formation of microtubules caps microtubules so they can't continue adding
39
albendazole selectivity
dose bind mammalian tubulin but has higher specificity for helminth tubulin
40
pyrantel pamoate use
pinworms
41
pyrantel pamoate MOA
depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent causes release of acetylcholine and inhbition of cholinesterase
42
insect that transmits malaria
female mosquito
43
which organisms cause most malaria infections?
plasmodium falciparum plasmodium vivax
44
which organism can cause relapse of malaria
plasmodium vivax
45
how do plasmodium species metabolize hemoglobin
parasites injest hemoglobin and degrade it to amino acids and free heme in food vacuole
46
how does chloroquine result in buildup of toxic heme
chloroquine accumulates in food vacuole and inhibits heme polymerization (more free heme that is toxic)
47
Artemisinin MOA
free radicals formed inhibiting translocation, proteosome, mitochondria inhibit PfPI3K
48
artemisinin activation
must be activated by heme ion
49
arteminisin functional group
endoperoxide
50
chloroquine MOA
interfere with heme polymerization with accumulation in the food vacuole creating toxic heme
51
primaquine MOA
spontaneously forms hydrogen peroxide
52
primaquine activation
activated by CYP2D6 via hydroxylation
53
what is drug of choice for liver stages (active growing hypnoxoites)
primaquine
54
doxycycline targets what
apicoplast
55
56

PHRM 865 (33 decks)

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