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Nutrition Through Lifecycle > Lactation > Flashcards

Lactation Flashcards

0
Q

What is colostrum like in compared to mature milk?

A

Higher in protein
Lower in carb
Lower in fat
Lower in calories

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1
Q

What is colostrum

A

The first milk secreted during the first few days post partum

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2
Q

What are some benefits of colostrum

A

Helps establish GI microflora

Protects against GI infection

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3
Q

What are the levels of Secretort IgA, lactofferin and vitamin A of colustrum in comparison to to mature milk?

A

0.5 - 0.1
0.5 - 0.2
151 - 75

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4
Q

The fluid level of maternal milk is about 80%

Will the infant need extra water ?

A

No

Water is also isotonic with maternal plasma

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5
Q

How many calories per mL with human milk ?

A

0.65 kcal/mL

But cals may vary with fat, pro and carb composition

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6
Q

Is human milk or human milk substitute lower in calories

A

Human milk lower in calories

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7
Q

What are the protein levels for mature human milk?

A

1g per 100ml
Lower than in whole cows milk
Has antiviral and microbial effects

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8
Q

What is the main protein in natural human milk?

A

Casein

And whey

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9
Q

The human milk protein is high in amino acids that he infant cannot synthesize but low in -

A

Phenylalanine

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10
Q

What provides half of the calories jn human milk

A

Fat

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11
Q

What is the effect of maternal diet on human breast milk

A

Fatty acid profile reflects dietary index of mom

Type of FA varies based on diet

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12
Q

What is the second largest component of breast milk?

First?

A

Lipids are second

Water is first

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13
Q

What component of breast milk is associated with higher IQ scores and also essential for retinal development

A

DHA

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14
Q

What is the dominant carbohydrate in human milk and how does it compare to cows milk

A

Lactose is most dominant

There is more in human milk than in cows

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15
Q

Does lactose enhance calcium absorption?

Is carbohydrate in milk effected by the diet of mom ?

A

Lactose enhances calcium absorption

There is a constant level during the day and not effected by maternal diet

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16
Q

What is an olgiosacharide

How does it help baby

A

Medium length CHO
Prevents binding of pathogenic microorganisms to gut
Which prevents infection and bacteria

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17
Q

Vitamin A in colostrum is double that of mature milk

And the yellow colour is from

A

Beta carotine

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18
Q

What is the vitamin D content like in human milk

Need to supplement ?

A

Most as 25-OH2 , vitamin D and D3
Content IS reflective of moms diet and exposure to the sun
Supplement at 400 IU a day for baby

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19
Q

Vitamin E content of breast milk is linked to

A

Milks fat content

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20
Q

Is vitamin E levels in human breast milk enough for preterm infants

A

No

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21
Q

What percent of babies breasted are at risk for K deficiency based on clotting factors

A

5%

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22
Q

Infants who did no receive k injection at birth (phylloquinone injection)

A

May be deficient

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23
Q

What are the water soluable vitamins in human breast milk reflective of

A

Mothers diet or supplement

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24
What is the water soluable vitamin most at risk for deficiency in human milk
B6
25
Vitamin B12 and folate in breast milk are
Bound to whey proteins
26
Low b12 in milk seen in women who
Have hypothyroidism or latent pernicious anemia Are vegans / malnourished Have had gastric bypass
27
What is zinc bound to it Breast milk
Protein | Highly available
28
Sometimes there's a defect in mammary gland uptake of zinc and may cause zinc deficiency that appears as ...
Diaper rash
29
In general trace minerals in maternal milk aren't affected by diet What are the trace minerals present
``` Copper Selenium Chromium Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Fluoride ```
30
How can a moms variety in diet contribute to baby's interest in solid foods
Because flavour in moms diet influences taste of breast milk Flavours keep baby interested May promote further intrigue to solid food
31
What are hormonal benefits of breast feeding
Increased oxytocin which stimulates uterus to return to prepregnancy status
32
Physical benefits of breastfeeding
Delay in monthly ovulation resulting in longer intervals between pregnancies
33
What are physiological benefits of breast feeding
Increased self confidence and bonding with infant
34
Nutritional benefits of breast feeding
Widely recognized. Nutrients are balenced. Meets infants protein needs without overloading kidneys. Contains soft easily digestible curd; a lot of the right lipids. Minerals are more bio available.
35
Immunological benefits
Lower infant mortality in developing countries | Fewer acute illnesses
36
Reductions in chronic illnesses is a benefit of breast feeding
Reduce risk of celiac disease and IBS | Reduce risk of allergies and asthmatic disease
37
How does breast feeding correlate to childhood obesity
Typically breast fed infants are leaner at 1 yr of age
38
How does breast feeding elicit cognitive benefits
Studies show an increase in cognitive ability even after adjusting for family environment DHA
39
Does breast feeding have an analgesic effect on baby?
Yes there is a reduction of infant pain
40
How can there be a socioeconomic benefit of breast feeding
Decreased need for medical care | And buying formula not an issue
41
What is milk synthesis related to
How vigorously an infant nurses How much time the infant is at the breast How many times per day an infant nurses Milk synthesis rate is variable between breasts and between feedings
42
How can you tell if baby is hungry
Infant bringing hands to mouth / sucking on them, moving head from side to side crying is a late sign of hunger
43
Why is it important to allow the baby to nurse on one breast as long as the want
To ensure they get hindmilk with it's high fat content that provides satiety High lactose content my cause diarrhea
44
How many feedings per day is normal | How often does stomach emptying occur
10-12 | Emptying occurs in 1.5 hours
45
What vitamins should infants be supplemented with
Vitamin k at birth Vitamin D - exclusively breasted infants need supplements at 2 months No recommendations for fluoride or iron
46
Energy intakes vary with activity level for newborns | But what is the DRI for the first 6 months and after
500 per day for 1st 6 months 400+ per day afterward
47
Protein calorie malnutrition results in reduction in
Milk volume but not quality
48
Does exercise inhibit milk production or infant growth ?
No
49
What does the maternal diet need to be like when breast feeding
Supplements not needed if women well nourished Women shout drink to thirst Functional foods are fine
50
What is zinc bound to it Breast milk
Protein | Highly available
51
Sometimes there's a defect in mammary gland uptake of zinc and may cause zinc deficiency that appears as ...
Diaper rash
52
In general trace minerals in maternal milk aren't affected by diet What are the trace minerals present
``` Copper Selenium Chromium Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Fluoride ```
53
How can a moms variety in diet contribute to baby's interest in solid foods
Because flavour in moms diet influences taste of breast milk Flavours keep baby interested May promote further intrigue to solid food
54
What are hormonal benefits of breast feeding
Increased oxytocin which stimulates uterus to return to prepregnancy status
55
Physical benefits of breastfeeding
Delay in monthly ovulation resulting in longer intervals between pregnancies
56
What are physiological benefits of breast feeding
Increased self confidence and bonding with infant
57
Nutritional benefits of breast feeding
Widely recognized. Nutrients are balenced. Meets infants protein needs without overloading kidneys. Contains soft easily digestible curd; a lot of the right lipids. Minerals are more bio available.
58
Immunological benefits
Lower infant mortality in developing countries | Fewer acute illnesses
59
Reductions in chronic illnesses is a benefit of breast feeding
Reduce risk of celiac disease and IBS | Reduce risk of allergies and asthmatic disease
60
How does breast feeding correlate to childhood obesity
Typically breast fed infants are leaner at 1 yr of age
61
How does breast feeding elicit cognitive benefits
Studies show an increase in cognitive ability even after adjusting for family environment DHA
62
Does breast feeding have an analgesic effect on baby?
Yes there is a reduction of infant pain
63
How can there be a socioeconomic benefit of breast feeding
Decreased need for medical care | And buying formula not an issue
64
What is milk synthesis related to
How vigorously an infant nurses How much time the infant is at the breast How many times per day an infant nurses Milk synthesis rate is variable between breasts and between feedings
65
How can you tell if baby is hungry
Infant bringing hands to mouth / sucking on them, moving head from side to side crying is a late sign of hunger
66
Why is it important to allow the baby to nurse on one breast as long as the want
To ensure they get hindmilk with it's high fat content that provides satiety High lactose content my cause diarrhea
67
How many feedings per day is normal | How often does stomach emptying occur
10-12 | Emptying occurs in 1.5 hours
68
What vitamins should infants be supplemented with
Vitamin k at birth Vitamin D - exclusively breasted infants need supplements at 2 months No recommendations for fluoride or iron
69
Energy intakes vary with activity level for newborns | But what is the DRI for the first 6 months and after
500 per day for 1st 6 months 400+ per day afterward
70
Protein calorie malnutrition results in reduction in
Milk volume but not quality
71
Does exercise inhibit milk production or infant growth ?
No
72
What does the maternal diet need to be like when breast feeding
Supplements not needed if women well nourished Women shout drink to thirst Functional foods are fine
73
How long does the academy of pediatrics say you should breastfeed (and academy of nutrition and dietetics )
1 yr *
74
How long does the US surgeon general say they should exclusively breastfeed
6 months exclusive | 12 months with food
75
Factors influencing breast feeding initiation and duration
Obesity , overweight and obese prior to pregnancy + excess prenatal weight gain breastfeed for shorter duration Socioeconomic - both low income and more affluent mothers need breastfeed ing support
76
Healthy people 2020 breastfeeding objectives
^ # of infants breastfeed ^ duration of breastfeed Increase works it lactation programs Reduce formula supplementation in first 2 days of life Increase births in facilities providing recommended care for breastfeeding moms
77
Why is breast feeding support essential in the first weeks after delivery
Lactation is being established | That is why distribution of free formula samples is discouraged
78
A paediatrician, nurse or other knowledgable Health care practitioner should see all breastfed infants at____
2-4 days of age
79
Barriers to breastfeeding in the workplace
Lack of on site daycare Insufficiently paid maternity leave Rigid work schedules Lack of understanding/ knowledge by employers Legislation is in progress to support breastfeeding or pumping in the workplace
80
In order to establish a multidisciplinary task force to help with breastfeeding promotion, who could help
Physicians, hospitals and birthing centres, public health, home visitors , government industry and school boards Journalists
81
T or f, breast feeding will make it slower to return to prepregnancy weight
f
82
What are some community related barriers to breastfeeding
Lack of access to reliable and culturally appropriate sources of information and social support Cultural perceptions of bottle feeding as the norm Aggressive marketing via formula companies Laws prohibiting breastfeeding in public
83
Major component of breast milk is ___ while the 2nd is
Water | Lipids
84
Breast milk is isomotic which means
Is has he same concentration of molecules as mothers body plasma
85
What is secretory immunoglobulin A
One of the primary proteins in colostrum
86
What is prolactin
Hormone by pituitary that stimulates milk productions
87
What is oxytocin
Pituitary hormone secretion causing milk let down
88
What Are alvioli of the breast
Functional unit | Rounded oblong cavities in breast
89
Secretory cells else
Cells in milk gland responsible for secreting milk components into ducts
90
Myoepithelial cells
Specialized cells that line alveoli | Contract to cause milk to be secreted I to duct
91
Describe hindmilk
Milk at end of feeding that contains higher amount of human fat milk

Nutrition Through Lifecycle (3 decks)

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