Lagos

Question 1

what is a megacity ?

Answer 1

a city with a population of over 10 million

Question 2

what are some examples of megacities?

Answer 2

paris, lagos, delhi

Question 3

whats urbanisation?

Answer 3

the increase in percentage or proportion of people living in cities

Question 4

whats the birth rate?

Answer 4

number of births per thousand people per year

Question 5

what is death rate?

Answer 5

number of deaths per thousand people per year

Question 6

what is the natural change?

Answer 6

the difference between birth rate and death rate , tells you by how many the population will be growing per thousand of population per year.

Question 7

how does the natural increase effect the rate of urbanisation?

Answer 7

due to the natural increase as the birth rate is higher than the death rate a country the will be more populated. in a country the population will more likely populate the cities than the countryside as there are more opportunities. so the natural increase results in urbanisation

Question 8

in 2014 where did the population live?

Answer 8

54% of the population lived in cities

Question 9

what are the push factors of urbanisation (making people leave the countryside?

Answer 9

unemployment, poverty, natural disasters , hazards, volcano, crop failure, economic distress, debts, traditional way of life limiting facilities, shortage of land, poor medical facilities , lack of education, poor transport , housing, water, electricity , and sewage

Question 10

what types of push factors are there making people leave the countryside?

Answer 10

land, agriculture, nature, economic and social , services

Question 11

what barriers are there for rural to urban migration?

Answer 11

family ties, lack of transport, cost and political boundaries

Question 12

what types of pull factors are there for rural to urban migration?

Answer 12

employment, economic, nature, social, services

Question 13

what pull factors are there for rural to urban migration?

Answer 13

more jobs, industry, higher wages , less interest on loans , fewer natural disasters , attractions , entertainment , better schools, medical facilities

Question 14

how does location effect urbanisation?

Answer 14

if you have better resources or natural features such as if you live near a river you have sanitation, crops, drinking and fishing so therefore more people will move there

Question 15

how does economic development effect urbanisation?

Answer 15

businesses , jobs attracts different people to opportunities , more money to pay for facilities and transport for people to migrate

Question 16

where is lagos?

Answer 16

in the northern hemisphere in the north west of the continent Africa bordering Benin to the south west, Cameroon to the east , Niger to the north and chad to the north east. lagos borders the gulf of guinea and is in the country Nigeria. lagos is in the south west of Nigeria at the bottom at the coast of Nigeria

Question 17

why is lagos a good location for industry?

Answer 17

good sheltered natural harbour allowing boats to come in and import goods to trade and make profit also boats can go out and export goods and sell them to other countries , also good fishing industry
expressway allows access through lagos
urban area including large markets for selling good and profit
schools and universities for education
airport arrival for 80% of flights to west africa creating tourism

Question 18

what is the formal economy?

Answer 18

part of the economy that is taxed and monitored by the government unlike the informal economy and formal economy is part of the GDP

Question 19

what is GPD?

Answer 19

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the wealth or income of a country. GDP is the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year. Gross National Product (GNP) is another measure of a country’s wealth or income.

Question 20

What percentage of Nigeria’s GDP does Lagos contribute?

Answer 20

lagos contributes to 30%of Nigerian GDP gained through manufacturing and central business district (CBD)

Question 21

what is the primary sector?

Answer 21

primary industry is collecting raw materials, things from environment and which can be sold for income or used in secondary sector

Question 22

what are examples of primary sector jobs?

Answer 22

farmer, fisherman, minner

Question 23

what is the secondary sector?

Answer 23

making goods/things which can be obtained from the primary sector

Question 24

what are examples of the secondary sector?

Answer 24

factory, seamstress, chief, builder

Question 25

what is the tertiary sector?

Answer 25

providing services for people to improve their living or selling products made by secondary

Question 26

what are examples of the tertiary jobs?

Answer 26

doctors, teacher, car salesman

Question 27

what percentage of employees contribute to lagos industry in different sectors?

Answer 27

78%employees in tertiary 19% employees in secondary 3% employees in primary

Question 28

what is eko atlantic?

Answer 28

a new city going to be built on coast of lagos inspired by hong kong and funded by government and international private investors home to 1/4 go million, employing 150,000 creating income for lagos and nigeria

Question 29

what are future projections for eko atlantic?

Answer 29

creating income and GDP for nigeria contributing to primary and tertiary sector. as people will fish on coast and tertiary people will import and export goods

Question 30

what is the informal economy?

Answer 30

informal jobs are jobs that aren't taxed, monitored by any form of government or contribute to GDP The informal economy is the diversified set of economic activities, enterprises, jobs, informal jobs and workers that are not regulated or protected by the state

Question 31

what type of new jobs are there in lagos?what percentage of these type of new jobs are there?

Answer 31

90 % of new jobs are informal

Question 32

what are examples of informal jobs ?

Answer 32

fishing at makoko, recycling at olusasun

Question 33

how has wealth improved from 1990?

Answer 33

from 1990-1995 the wealth dips down a fraction but then increase a fraction to 2000. then from 2000 to 2005 it really starts to increase more from 3 to 4 then 4-5 from 2005-2010 and more slowly to 2015 the wealth roughly doubles from 1990-2015

Question 34

what has improved since 1990?

Answer 34

life expectancy has increased 8 years and education years of schooling has gone up

Question 35

how has education improved ?

Answer 35

improved from 1990-1995 about 1/2 year on expected years of schooling steadily increasing then speeds up 3/4 of year in 2000 then 2000-2005 increases a year then doesn't increase till 2015 literacy rates are 56.9% (UK 99%) approximately 15 polytechniques centres (higher education centres and universities in lagos

Question 36

how has life expectancy improved/?

Answer 36

dipped a fraction from 1990-1995 but then rapidly increased, 1995-2000 steadily increased roughly a 1 year 2000-2005 increased 2 years 2005-2015 steadily increased 4 years life expectancy increased from 45 to 53

Question 37

what is healthcare like in lagos?

Answer 37

26 general hospitals and 256 public healthcare centres

Question 38

what is the lagos population?

Answer 38

21 million

Question 39

what inequalities are there in lagos?

Answer 39

in victoria island there is high wealth of even billionaires and makoko is a squatter settlement in poverty

Question 40

who lives on Victoria island?

Answer 40

bankers, investors live a wealthy life, 15,700 millionares and some billionaires more than 60% live in lagos

Question 41

what are conditions like on Victoria island?

Answer 41

wealthy households rely on generators for power piped water supply air conditioned brick

Question 42

what are conditions like in makoko?

Answer 42

60% of lagos live in slums and squatter settlements most work in informal economy living on $1 a day electric shortages to lights on streets at night public boreholes and taps or buy water from street vendor houses made from poor quality materials , rubbish (flammable) high levels of crime muggings, bulgeries and carjacking

Question 43

what is being done to improve economically poor ?

Answer 43

build new power stations | tackle crime by buying 3 helicopters

Question 44

what is the problem with water and sanitation?

Answer 44

``` 52% lack a toilet or bathroom 38%don't have one 14%get water from a public well which will be contaminated and dirty 55%borehole 4%river 11%pipped water water vendor 16% many have alternate Only 10% of Lagos’ population have a piped water supply that has been treated and purified. ```

Question 45

how has the population of lagos increased?

Answer 45

``` 1960-0.6 million 1970-1.2 1980-2.8 1990-5.3 2000-8 2010-11 2015-14.4 ```

Question 46

what variables would you put on each axis if lagos's population growth was on a graph?

Answer 46

years would go on the x axis as it's the independent variable and population size would go on the y axis as its the dependent variable

Question 47

what is the problem with sewage in lagos?

Answer 47

Lack of a proper sewage system has polluted the water supply:Sewage is carried via rainwater and open drains into river systems (& the lagoon) Sewage sinks into the groundwater from leaking pit latrines or septic tanks This has resulted in increased diarrhoea, cholera and dysentery amongst Lagos’ inhabitants. This contaminates wells and boreholes, as well as water sold by vendors.

Question 48

what are further threats to water supply?

Answer 48

predicted 1 metre sea level rise and flooding. | Will contaminate groundwater with salt as well as bacterial and chemical pollutants.

Question 49

how are they currently managing the water supply?

Answer 49

In 2012 – Lagos State Water Regulatory Commission began regulating the water supply and vendors as well as issuing licenses for boreholes. In 2016, they said they would sanction people operating boreholes without permits.

Question 50

how can the water problem be solved?

Answer 50

use buckets and purifiers to purify sea water government give more money towards a more sophisticated sewage and piped water system to houses exports goods in return for water donate money to charities to solve water problem

Question 51

what is the problem with traffic congestion?

Answer 51

Average Lagosian commuter spends 3 hours in traffic everyday. 40% new cars are registered in Lagos – 1% land area. Fatal accident rate is 28 per 100,000 people. Pollution is 5x internationally recommended limit. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System From suburbs to CBD on Lagos Island Separate bus lane to reduce travel times 200,000 use every day (25% commuters)

Question 52

what is lagos doing now to improve traffic congestion?

Answer 52

``` Integrated transport system Ferries network Separate bus lanes Mixed-use urban developments New airport Better walking and cycling facilities ```

Question 53

how is lagos helping reduce the congestion?

Answer 53

``` Integrated transport system Ferries network Separate bus lanes Mixed-use urban developments New airport Better walking and cycling facilities ```

Question 54

how could traffic congestion help be reduced?

Answer 54

create more road barriers with charge and use money to make more roads make more bridges New Light Railway (due to open 2016) West – east route To carry x7 passengers compared to BRT Eventually – Lagos Rail Mass transit (LRMT)

Question 55

what is the problem with providing electricity in lagos?

Answer 55

Electricity generation is insufficient across Nigeria, population growth poses a huge challenge. Two new power stations are planned for Lagos – to cover electricity shortage and light streets. Most wealthy households and businesses use generators. For Lagosians, electricity shortages can mean cooking by torchlight, or companies spending a shocking 70% of the budget on diesel ... and some neighbourhoods have spent half a decade with no power at all

Question 56

what is the problem with waste disposal?

Answer 56

Lagos creates 10,000 metric tonnes of waste a day. Local (municipal) governments collect barely 40% of this rubbish. theres no proper waste collection and disposal system

Question 57

whats the solution for waste disposal?

Answer 57

compacting waste into blocks and using it as building material

Question 58

what is being done about waste disposal?

Answer 58

Created an employment opportunity in resource recovery through the Waste to Wealth programme such as; ‘Nylon Plastic Recycling’, ‘Kraft paper collection’ and ‘Buy back’ programme from scavengers Today, some of the qualified scavengers are manning recycling banks being sited at various parts of the state as resourced persons - the state government has adopted the 3 Rs ‘Reuse Recycle & Reduce’ strategy in waste management

Question 59

what is the problem with crime?

Answer 59

Unemployment = 9.9% in 2015 armed muggings, carjacking, drugs, gangs burglaries, Three helicopters for police to spot crime… Police can’t cope with increased levels of crime… Robbers have nothing to lose… People take justice into their own hands…

Question 60

whats the problem with unemployment?

Answer 60

The unemployment rate increased from 23.9% in 2011 to 25.1%in 2014. Jobs aren’t moving towards manufacturing and aren’t being created fast enough The youth population is rapidly increasing causing a youth bulge so more youth are being employed and not going to school so they can give more financial support to their family

Question 61

what s the solution for unemployment?

Answer 61

Development of the entrepreneurial potential of its youth population, Commitment to increasing productivity in the agricultural sector

Question 62

whats the solution for crime?

Answer 62

Education is the solution to crime. This is because is students have a target to achieve in life, as well as good, role-model teachers, they will not resort to crime.

Question 63

whats the problem with healthcare?

Answer 63

Sanitation is also very poor, Toilets are also extremely unsanitary, as they are pit latrines. This is where the sewage soaks straight into the ground. About 80,000 Nigerians die of cancer annually and over 100,000 are diagnosed with cancer annually. There are only 7 cancer radiotherapy centres in the whole of Nigeria. the water supply is from the source of a well or borehole, which can easily and quickly be polluted

Question 64

whats the solution to healthcare?

Answer 64

Additionally, education is the resolution to healthcare because if more children grow up with the right education, they will aspire to become something that their country is in need of, like doctors.

Question 65

whats the problem with education?

Answer 65

Most children don’t attend school however. 13 year old girls are dropping school due to pregnancies. many need to do jobs instead of go to school to make money and admissions to these schools can be very competitive and, in some cases, preference is given to students of certain nationality or those who have parents employed by a certain company

Question 66

how can education be solved?

Answer 66

investing more money into schools from the government and communities donating small amounts for school and addressing the issue

Question 67

how will the Makoko floating school help the makoko?

Answer 67

it will improve education for the poor so they can have a better job, support their families, help poverty and contribute towards economical growth and afford more basics like better housing, school healthcare and water. it was also ecofriendly not contributing towards global warming

Question 68

should makoko be improved or demolished?

Answer 68

improved as makoko is a good area for trade and fishing and if invested in more can make profit although is very poor as houses are on illegal land so have to be moved and things such education and healthcare are low but makoko is very resourceful and if given a small amount can make economic rise

Question 69

When has Lagos’s population increased from?

Answer 69

Since the 1970s

Question 70

Why did Lagos’s population start to increase?

Answer 70

During the oil boom in Nigeria which gave lots of job opportunities

Question 71

Has the population continued to grow since 1970?

Answer 71

It has continued to grow despite fall in living standards during the 1980s-1990s despite living standards and has expanded over the past 50 years rural to urban migration has increased

Question 72

Why are people leaving the countryside ?

Answer 72

Push factors such as the lack of jobs and low wages, lack of education and health services and global warming causes draughts and floods, boke haram are active in north of Nigeria

Question 73

What are pull factors towards Lagos?

Answer 73

Well-paid work and urban lifestyle

Question 74

What has also increased in Nigeria?

Answer 74

A natural increase in the city population due to the city’s young population as migrants to the city are young

Question 75

What happened by 2015?

Answer 75

Over half of the population was still living in rural areas but as rural to urban migration continues the majority will be urban within the next few years

Question 76

Where was the original state of Lagos?

Answer 76

Was Lagos island surrounded by Lagos lagoon in 1960

Question 77

When did the city start expanding?

Answer 77

In 1960 it expanded northwards onto mainland following the line of the main railway

Question 78

What has happened to Lagos by 2012?

Answer 78

It had spread West and north cluttered in the north west. It spread of the north east of the Lagos lagoon and to the south in the lekki peninsula

Question 79

How can the electicity problem be solved?

Answer 79

Power plants built to cope with growing population, switch to renewable such as solar and wave as Nigeria had a lot of sun and wave , began to privatise it