Landmarks In The Lower Extremity

Question 1

Describe the popliteal fossa

Answer 1

It is a diamond shaped depression located behind the knee joint, lower part of femur, upper part of tibia

Question 2

Popliteal fossa is bounded superolaterally by

Answer 2

Biceps femoris

Question 3

Popliteal fossa is bounded superomedially by

Answer 3

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus supplemented by gracilis, sartorius and adductor Magnus

Question 4

Popliteal fossa is bounded inferomedially by

Answer 4

Medial head of gastrocnemius muscle

Question 5

Popliteal fossa is bounded inferolaterally by

Answer 5

Lateral head of gastrocnemius supplemented by plantaris

Question 6

Popliteal fossa floor is formed by

Answer 6

Posterior surface of knee joint capsule and posterior surface of femur

Question 7

Popliteal fossa roof is formed by

Answer 7

Popliteal fascia and skin

Question 8

List the contents of popliteal fossa

Answer 8

Popliteal artery and it’s branches
Popliteal vein and it’s tributaries
Tibial nerve and it’s branches
Common fibular/peroneal nerve and it’s branches

Question 9

What content of popliteal fossa lies deep

Answer 9

Popliteal artery

Question 10

What content of popliteal fossa lies superficial

Answer 10

Tibial nerve
Common fibular/peroneal nerve
(Branches of sciatic nerve)

Question 11

Popliteal artery divides into

Answer 11

Tibioperoneal trunk
Anterior tibial artery

Question 12

As the popliteal artery is descending , it also gives rise to many branches along it’s journey. list them

Answer 12

Muscular branches
Genicula branches-superior medial and lateral genicular branch, middle genicular branch, inferior medial and lateral genicular branch

Question 13

What muscles does the muscular branches supply

Answer 13

Soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris and hamstring muscles

Question 14

Superior medial and lateral genicular branch supply

Answer 14

Bone of femoral condyles, adjacent synovium of knee joint, superior part of patella

Question 15

Middle genicular branch supply

Answer 15

Posterior cruciate ligament, posterior part of anterior cruciate ligament, posterior part of menisci

Question 16

Inferior medial and lateral genicular branch supply

Answer 16

Knee joint capsule, collateral ligaments and tendon , anterior part of cruciate ligament, inferior part of patella

Question 17

Where does the popliteal vein begin

Answer 17

It begins at the lower border of popliteus by the union of veins accompanying the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 18

Tibioperoneal trunk divides into

Answer 18

Posterior tibial artery
Fibular/Peroneal artery

Question 19

The femoral vein continue as

Answer 19

Popliteal vein

Question 20

The popliteal vein receives venous drainage from

Answer 20

Saphenous vein
Veins corresponding to branches of popliteal artery

Question 21

Another name of adductor canal

Answer 21

Hunters canal
Subsartorial canal

Question 22

What is the adductor canal

Answer 22

It is an intermuscular space located in the medial side of the middle one third of thigh

Question 23

The adductor canal extends from

Answer 23

Apex of femoral triangle above the tendinous opening in the adductor Magnus

Question 24

Adductor canal is bounded anterolaterally by

Answer 24

Vastus medialis

Question 25

Adductor canal is bounded anteromedially by

Answer 25

Sartorius

Question 26

Adductor canal is bounded posteromedially by

Answer 26

Adductor Longus above Adductor Magnus below

Question 27

List the contents of adductor canal

Answer 27

Terminal part of femoral vein Terminal part of femoral artery Terminal part of obturator nerve Saphenous nerve Nerve to vastus medialis Deep lymph nodes

Question 28

What is the femoral triangle

Answer 28

A wedged shaped depression in the superomedial aspect of thigh

Question 29

Femoral triangle is bounded medially by

Answer 29

Medial border of adductor Longus

Question 30

Femoral triangle is bounded laterally by

Answer 30

Medial border of sartorius

Question 31

Femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by

Answer 31

Inguinal ligament

Question 32

Femoral triangle roof is formed by

Answer 32

Superficial fascia (fascia lata) and skin

Question 33

Femoral triangle floor is formed by

Answer 33

Medially by adductor Longus and pectineus Laterally by iliopsoas

Question 34

List the contents of femoral triangle

Answer 34

Femoral artery and it's branches Femoral vein and it's tributaries Femoral nerve and it's branches Nerve to pectineus Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve Femoral sheath Deep inguinal lymph node

Question 35

Femoral sheath is formed by

Answer 35

Downwards extension of the two layers of fascia in the abdomen

Question 36

What is the femoral sheath

Answer 36

A funnel shaped fascia covering upper 3-4cm of the femoral vessels

Question 37

Anterior wall is bounded by

Answer 37

Transversalis fascia

Question 38

Posterior wall is formed by

Answer 38

Iliacus fascia

Question 39

Femoral sheath is divided into 3 compartments by

Answer 39

Septa

Question 40

List the components of the arterial or lateral component of femoral sheath

Answer 40

Femoral artery Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

Question 41

List the component of the intermediate or venous compartment of femoral sheath

Answer 41

Femoral vein

Question 42

List the component of the lymphatics or medial compartment of femoral sheath

Answer 42

Femoral canal

Question 43

What is the intercondylar fossa

Answer 43

It is a depression between the two femoral condyles

Question 44

The intercondylar fossa provides attachment for

Answer 44

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament

Question 45

What muscle forms the base of the popliteal fossa

Answer 45

Popliteus

Question 46

Gap between sacrum and ilium is bridged by

Answer 46

Sacrospinous ligament- goes to ischial spine Sacrotuberous ligament-goes to ischial tuberosity

Question 47

Capsule of hip joint is formed by

Answer 47

Iliofemoral ligament( thickest ) Ischiofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament

Question 48

What unites the pelvis

Answer 48

Sacroilial joint Pubic symphysis

Question 49

What is the femoral canal

Answer 49

It is the medial compartment of the femoral sheath Approximately 1.3cm long

Question 50

Where is the femoral canal located

Answer 50

Located within the femoral triangle in the anterior thigh

Question 51

The opening of the femoral canal is called what

Answer 51

Femoral ring

Question 52

The femoral ring is located where

Answer 52

At the superior border of the femoral canal

Question 53

The femoral ring is covered by a connective tissue layer known as

Answer 53

Femoral septum

Question 54

Femoral canal is bounded laterally by

Answer 54

Femoral vein

Question 55

Femoral canal is bounded medially by

Answer 55

Lacunar ligament

Question 56

Femoral canal is bounded anteriorly by

Answer 56

Inguinal ligament

Question 57

Femoral canal is bounded posteriorly by

Answer 57

pectineal ligament, superior pubic ramus and the pectineus muscle

Question 58

Contents of femoral canal

Answer 58

Lymphatic vessels – draining the deep inguinal lymph nodes. Deep lymph node – the lacunar node. Empty space. Loose connective tissue.

Question 59

Function of the empty space in femor al canal

Answer 59

The empty space allows distension of the adjacent femoral vein, so it can cope with increased venous return, or increased intra-abdominal pressure.

Question 60

Most common clinical correlate of the femoral canal

Answer 60

Femoral hernia-femoral canal is a common site of herniation

Question 61

Femoral hernia is more common in what sex and why

Answer 61

More common in females due to their wide bony pelvis

Question 62

What is the tarsal tunnel

Answer 62

It is a fibro-osseous space located on the posteromedial aspect of the ankle.

Question 63

The tarsal tunnel serves as what

Answer 63

It acts as a passageway for tendons, nerves and vessels to travel between the posterior leg and the foot.

Question 64

Contents of Tarsal tunnel

Answer 64

Tibialis posterior tendon Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon Posterior tibial artery Posterior tibial vein Tibial nerve Flexor Hallucis longus tendon

Question 65

Tarsal tunnel is formed by what

Answer 65

Bony floor Connective tissue roof

Question 66

The bony floor is formed by

Answer 66

It is a concave surface formed by the medial aspect of the tibia, talus and calcaneus.

Question 67

Roof of tarsal tunnel is formed by

Answer 67

It is formed by the flexor retinaculum extending from the medial malleolus to the medial tubercle of the calcaneus.

Question 68

Flexor retinaculum is continuous with what

Answer 68

Deep fascia of leg and foot

Question 69

Clinical correlates

Answer 69

Tarsal tunnel syndrome