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2006PSY END OF SEMESTER > Landscape of memory > Flashcards

Flashcards in Landscape of memory Deck (29)
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1
Q

The form for what you know in your mind about things, ideas, events, and so on, in the outside world:

A

knowledge representation

2
Q

facts that can be stated, such as the date of your birth, the name of your friend, or the way a rabbit looks:

A

declarative knowledge

3
Q

Knowledge of procedures that can be implemented:

A

procedural knowledge

4
Q

The idea that knowledge is stored in the form of both words and images:

A

dual-code theory

5
Q

the relationship between the word and what it represents in simply arbitrary:

A

symbolic representation

6
Q

The mental representation of things that are not currently seen or sensed by the sense organs:

A

Imagery

7
Q

Using both pictorial and verbal codes for representing information:

A

dual-code theory

8
Q

Mental images that resemble the objects they are representing:

A

analog codes

9
Q

We do not store mental representations in the form of images or mere words:

A

propositional theory

10
Q

Secondary and derivative phenomena that occur as a result of other more basic cognitive processes:

A

epiphenomena

11
Q

the meaning underlying a particular relationship among concepts:

A

proposition

12
Q

Although visual imagery is not identical to visual perception, it is functionally equivalent to it:

A

functional-equivalent hypothesis

13
Q

rationally transforming an object’s visual mental image:

A

mental rotation

14
Q

Mental representations may take on what 3 forms?

A

propositions, images or mental models

15
Q

Knowledge structures that individuals construct to understand and explain their experiences:

A

mental models

16
Q

the use of images that represent visual characteristics such as colours and shapes:

A

visual imagery

17
Q

What are the two types of images?

A

Visual and spatial

18
Q

Images that represent spatial features such a depth dimensions, distances, and orientations:

A

spatial imagery

19
Q

the acquisition, organisation, and use of knowledge about objects and actions in two- and three-dimensional space:

A

spatial cognition

20
Q

Internal representations of our physical environment, particularly centering on spatial relationship:

A

cognitive maps

21
Q

What three types of knowledge are used when forming and using cognitive maps?

A

land mark knowledge, route-road knowledge and survey knowledge

22
Q

information about particular features at a location and which may be based on both imaginal and propositional representations:

A

landmark knowledge

23
Q

specific pathways for moving form one location to another. It may be based on both procedural knowledge and declarative knowledge:

A

route-road

24
Q

Estimated distances between landmarks, much as they might appear on survey maps. It may be represented imaginably or propositionally (e.g. in numerically specified distances)

A

Survey

25
Q

People tend to think of intersections as forming 90-degree angles more often that the intersections really do:

A

right-angle bias

26
Q

People tend to think of shapes (states or countries) as being more symmetrical than they really are:

A

symmetry heuristic

27
Q

When representing figures and boundaries that are slightly slanted (oblique) people tend to distort the images as being either more vertical or more horizontal than they really are:

A

rotation heuristic

28
Q

People tend to represent landmarks and boundaries that are slightly out of alignment by distorting their mental images to be better aligned than they really are (we distort the way we line up a series of figures or objects)

A

Alignment heuristic

29
Q

the relative positions of particular landmarks and boundaries is distorted in mental images in ways that more accurately reflect people’s conceptual knowledge about the contexts in which the landmarks and boundaries are located, rather than reflecting the actual spatial configurations:

A

relative-position heuristic