Language Flashcards
what kind of Brain damage or disorders do we see associated with language deficits
stroke, dementia, tumors
how to test hemisphere speech
wada test
FMRI –> compare activation in hemispheres
symptoms of Broca’s aphasia
broken speech, difficulty producing words, few conjugations and prepositions, produce content words but not function words. struggles putting words together and using grammar
can still comprehend written and spoken speech
is damage to broca or wernickes alone sufficient to cause aphasia
no, usually the auditory or parietal regions are damaged as well
what kind of technique is used in rehabilitation of brocas aphasia
singing what the person wants to say
most likely due to the right hemisphere being able to boost the left
symptoms of wernickes aphasia
can speak fluently (however speech does not make sense and is word salad) but cannot understand language
speak in long phrases of run on sentences
verbal paraphasia (word substitution)
what areas is wernickes connect to
it is an extension of the temporal and auditory cortex and connects to parietal lobe
where are lesion usually located for wernickes aphasia
Typically situated at the junction of temporal lobe (retrieval of meaning) with parietal (links modalities to meaning) and occipital regions, near Hershel’s gyrus (primary auditory cortex)
what is verbal paraphasia (semantic, phonemic neologism)
word substitution
semantic paraphasia: substituted word has a related meaning, barn for house
phonemic paraphasia: substituted word has a similar sound word (e.g., “table” becomes “fable”).
neologisms: legal new words (e.g., “trable”)
what is conduction aphasia
damage to the white matter connections between brocas and wernickes
issues relaying information from one area to the other
production of speech is impaired and words are often repeated
can still comprehend and have fluent speech
what tract connects brocas and wernickes and is often damaged in aphasia
arcuate fasciculus
function of the dorsal pathway
links sound to action
helps to form words, knowing the sounds we want to produce, understand when we’ve made a pronunciation mistake
function of the ventral pathway
links sound to meaning
aids with linking face to voice and linking object names to the object itself
what is the comparison in pathway length of monkeys to human
humans have a much longer dorsal pathway and is larger on the left side, the ventral pathway is fairly small
what are the two main pathways of the dorsal pathways and their functions
- posterior regions of temporal gyrus to premotor areas
feeds auditory language information to premotor for production and articulation - auditory cortex to superior temporal gyrus’
important for complex syntax structure, sensory to motor transformation
