LANGUAGE

Question 1

Grammar

Answer 1

structures and systems that make up a language

Question 2

Eight parts of speech that define grammar?

Answer 2

nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, conjunctions, prepositions, interjections

Question 3

Syntax

Answer 3

study of how words are combined to create sentences

Question 4

Mechanics

Answer 4

describes those rules that govern english: punctuation, capitlaization

Question 5

nouns

Answer 5

people, place, thing

Question 6

Pronouns

Answer 6

she/her/hers etc

Question 7

possesive pronoun

Answer 7

indicate possesion (mine)

Question 8

Reflexive/Intensive pronouns

Answer 8

“I made the dessert myself”

Question 9

Relative pronouns

Answer 9

begin dependent clauses “who, whch, whose, whom, which”

Question 10

Verbs

Answer 10

express action

Question 11

Helping Verbs

Answer 11

indicate tense

Question 12

verb tense : simple, continuos, perfect, perfect continuous.

Answer 12

simple (occuring once), continous (ongoing), perfect & perfect continous (occuring in relation to other actions)

Question 13

infinitive

Answer 13

verb that has not been congugated

Question 14

conjugation

Answer 14

changing spelling of verb tense/helping verb

Question 15

Prepositions

Answer 15

Set up relationships in time/space

Question 16

Prepositional Phrase

Answer 16

“I ran over the river and through the woods”

Question 17

Conjunctions

Answer 17

Joins words into phrases and three types coordinating, correlative, and subordinating

Question 18

Coordinating conjuctions

Answer 18

FANBOYS : For, As, Nor, But, Or , Yet, So

Question 19

Subordinating conjucntions

Answer 19

join dependent clauses that cant stand on their own as sentences ex: because, as, as if, as though, after, as soon as

Question 20

Interjections

Answer 20

wow! yikes! hey,

Question 21

Syntax

Answer 21

phrases and clauses are made of subject predicate or both.

Question 22

subject

Answer 22

what sentence is about

Question 23

predicate

Answer 23

describe what the subject is doing

Question 24

phrase

Answer 24

group of words that communicates an incomplete idea and lacks either subject or predicate or both

Question 25

clauses

Answer 25

contain subject and predicate

Question 26

independent clauses

Answer 26

can stand alone as a sentence "She ate her dog"

Question 27

dependent clauses

Answer 27

cannot stand alone as sentence "because she ate her dog"

Question 28

Types of clauses

Answer 28

Simple (1 independent), Compound (2 independent), Complex (1 independent, 1 or more dependent), Compound complex (2 or more independent, 1 or more dependent)

Question 29

fragment

Answer 29

when subject and verb needed

Question 30

comma splice

Answer 30

incorrect error when comma seperates two independent clauses

Question 31

run on sentences

Answer 31

two independent clauses joined without punctuation

Question 32

colon

Answer 32

use for lists, defintion, clarification

Question 33

semicolon

Answer 33

joins two independent clauses to reveal relationship (IC;IC)

Question 34

Quotes format

Answer 34

"jffjfnjnfkenf,"().

Question 35

Apóstrofe rule

Answer 35

boy's - belonging boys' - mulyiple boys's - belonging to multiple

Question 36

Phonics

Answer 36

relating sound to with certain group of letters (letter-sound correspondence)

Question 37

Phonemes

Answer 37

basic units of sound and the basic units of language

Question 38

phonics instruction draws on the strategy of _________________ or the ability to pronunce the sounds of written words orally and understand their meaning.

Answer 38

decoding

Question 39

systematic phonics instrcution

Answer 39

most unviersal method for phonic instruction

Question 40

sight words

Answer 40

require no decoding

Question 41

human brain uses 3 cueing systems to determine the meaning of words:

Answer 41

semantic, syntactic, graphophonic

Question 42

Semantic cues

Answer 42

offers prompts to a words meaning and are drawn from background knowledge and context clues

Question 43

Homographs

Answer 43

words that are spelled the same but different meaning (desert, dessert)

Question 44

Homonyms

Answer 44

Sound the same mean different

Question 45

Syntatic cues

Answer 45

Based on the structure of language and brains second most efficient cueing system

Question 46

Graphophonic cues

Answer 46

applying sounds and symbol knowledge from word

Question 47

Many educators use whole language instruction which does not use any cueing smaller than the word level

Answer 47

true

Question 48

Roots

Answer 48

building blocks of all words

Question 49

Prefixes

Answer 49

elements added to begining of word

Question 50

Suffixes

Answer 50

elements added to end of word

Question 51

Affixes

Answer 51

prefixes and suffixes make

Question 52

Vocabulary is developed in two ways:

Answer 52

incidental vocabulary learning: occurs while reading or independtly intentional vocabulary learning : outright instruction guided like a Predict-O-Gram or Semantic Impressions, Frayer Model,OPIN, List group label

Question 53

Thesaures

Answer 53

for synonyms for words

Question 54

disctionary

Answer 54

defintion of words

Question 55

glossary

Answer 55

list of terms and defintions at end of text

Question 56

index

Answer 56

chapters and outline in front of book

Question 57

Sociolinguistics

Answer 57

study of langugae and its implications to society and culture

Question 58

Communicative Comeptence involves:

Answer 58

Linguistic, Sociolinguistic, discourse, strategic,

Question 59

Linguistic Competence

Answer 59

knowledge of syntax and semantics

Question 60

Sociolinguistic Competence

Answer 60

social aproprateness of language

Question 61

Discourse Competence

Answer 61

knowledge of how to construct maller pieces of languge

Question 62

Strategic Competence

Answer 62

able to recognize and repair instances of communciation breakdown