Language Acquisition Flashcards
(42 cards)
Can babies can hear in the womb?
Abrams et al., 1995; Jardini et al., 2008
True
According to Bertoncini et al (1989), which hemisphere do infants respond to for speech and music?
Infants respond to speech in left hemisphere, music in right.
What are Phonemes?
The smallest speech sound
Abstractions of physical segments
Written as… /x/
What Phoneme are babies of 1 - 4 months fixated on?
/pa/
Eimas et al (1971) acoustically altered what sound to show that babies over 4 months couldn’t hear he difference?
/ba/ and /pa/
According to Werker et al (1981), at what age are infants at adult level of phonemic distinction?
1 year.
Kuhl & Millar (1978) – chinchillas & synthetic phonemes showed what?
Ability to perceive speech may have developed from a more basic auditory perceptual ability
But difference is that distinction becomes language specific in humans
Stark (1980)’s 3 stage phonetic development model:
Which months do the following stages happen:
Reflexive crying and vegetative sounds Cooing and Laughter Vocal Play Reduplicated Babble Non-reduplicated babble and expressive Jargon
0- 2 months - Reflexive crying and vegetative sounds
2 - 5 months Cooing and Laughter
5 - 7 months Vocal Play
6 - 12 months Reduplicated Babble
9 - 12 months Non-reduplicated babble and expressive Jargon
Oller’s 5 stage phonetic development model:
Which months do the following stages happen:
Phonation
GOO stage
Expansion
Canonical Babble
Variegated babble
0 - 2 Phonation 2 - 4 GOO stage 4 - 6 Expansion 6 - 9 Canonical Babble 9 - 12 Variegated babble
What age does laughing occur?
4 months
What age do infants first start using sounds for communication?
2 months ( - 4 months)
What age do infants gain control of making sounds?
4 - 7 months
What age to infants undergo important neural maturation which allows for greater motor control?
between 3 – 9 months
How many months old do children make their first recognisable speech sounds? e.g. /da/ /ba/
6 months
How many months old do children make their first phoneme repetitions, and then non repetitions?
repetitions ‘da-da’ – 8 months
‘da-ba’ - 11 months
Oller – variegated babbling
Stark – non-reduplicated babbling
Vihman (1992) points to how many commonly occurring syllables independent of parents language?
6 - “da”. “ba”, “wa”, “de”, “ha” and “he”
According to Oller & Eilers (1988), if born with profound hearing loss, what do children not develop within first year?
Canonical babbling
True or False: Infants show understanding of words before they can say them
True
What are infants typical first words?
First words are typically their own name, mummy, daddy, sibling’s & pet’s names and familiar objects
What is the CDI – MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories?
Parent report instruments which capture important information about children’s developing abilities in early language, including vocabulary comprehension, production, gestures, and grammar.
Nelson (1973) identified 2 styles in early language development, Referential style and expressive language.
If a child knew more object names than action words, which style would they have used?
Referential style - More object names in lexicon
Expressive language - More action words and people’s names, less object names.
According to Bates, which early language development style is faster at building vocabulary?
referential style = faster building vocabulary, tend to be girls
Why does Bruner report that games and social exchange help babies understand and use language?
helps babies to build insights into the meaning of language
Define Morphology
Rules of language e.g.. How past tenses are derived or verbs declined
