language and body planes

Question 1

what is standard/ norm

Answer 1

set of characteristics which occur most often

Question 2

what is variation

Answer 2

a small deviation from standard without any functional change

Question 3

what is abnormality

Answer 3

a significant deviation from the standard causing functional change

Question 4

what is the normal anatomical position

Answer 4

body upright
feet shoulder width and parallel and toes forward
palms of hands facing forward

Question 5

what is the frontal/ coronal planes

Answer 5

vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior

Question 6

what are the sagittal planes

Answer 6

vertically but are at a right angles to the coronal planes and divide the body by left and right

Question 7

what is the transverse planes

Answer 7

divide the body into superior and inferior

Question 8

what is anteriormedianline

Answer 8

runs vertically through the centre of the thorax and abdomen

Question 9

what is sternalline

Answer 9

runs vertically along the lateral side of the sternum

Question 10

what is the parasternalline

Answer 10

runs vertically in between the sternal and midclavicular line

Question 11

what is the midclavicularline

Answer 11

runs vertically through the midpoint of the clavicle

Question 12

what is the anterioraxillaryline

Answer 12

runs vertically through the anterior axillary skin fold

Question 13

what is midaxillaryline

Answer 13

runs vertically through the apex of the axilla

Question 14

what is the posterioraxillaryline

Answer 14

runs vertically through the posterior axillary skin fold

Question 15

what is the scapularline

Answer 15

runs vertically through the middle of the inferior angle of the scapula

Question 16

what is the paravertebralline

Answer 16

runs vertically along the side of the vertebral column

Question 17

what is the posteriormedianline

Answer 17

runs vertically through the middle of the vertebral column passing through the spinous processes of the vertebrae

Question 18

what is the cranial cavity

Answer 18

where the brain sits and is created by the cranial bones

Question 19

what is the thoracic cavity

Answer 19

contains the lungs and heart and is enclosed by the rib cage and diaphragm

Question 20

what is the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 20

2 divisions - abdominal and pelvic
- houses digestive organs and reproductive organs

Question 21

what is in the right hypochondriac region

Answer 21

liver
gallbladder
right kidney

Question 22

what is in the right lumbar region

Answer 22

tip of liver
small intestine
ascending colon
right kidney

Question 23

what is in the right iliac region

Answer 23

small intestines
appendix
cecum and ascending colon

Question 24

what is in the epigastric region

Answer 24

stomach
liver
pancreas
right and left kidneys

Question 25

what is in the umbilical region

Answer 25

stomach pancreas small intestines transverse colon

Question 26

what is in the hypogastric region

Answer 26

small intestines sigmoid codon bladder

Question 27

what is in the left hypochondriac region

Answer 27

stomach liver tip left kidney spleen

Question 28

what is in the left lumbar region

Answer 28

small intestine descending colon left kidney

Question 29

hat is in the left iliac region

Answer 29

small intestines descending colon sigmoid colon

Question 30

what does anterior/ ventral mean

Answer 30

to the front / in front of

Question 31

what does posterior / dorsal

Answer 31

to the back / behind

Question 32

what does superior mean

Answer 32

above

Question 33

what does cranial mean

Answer 33

towards the cranium

Question 34

what does inferior mean

Answer 34

below

Question 35

what does caudal mean

Answer 35

towards the feet

Question 36

what doers lateral mean

Answer 36

away from the midline

Question 37

what does medial mean

Answer 37

towards the midline

Question 38

what does distal mean

Answer 38

further away from the trunk or origin

Question 39

what does proximal mean

Answer 39

closer to the trunk or origin

Question 40

what does superficial mean

Answer 40

closer to the surface of the skin

Question 41

what does ascending mean

Answer 41

leading upwards

Question 42

what does transverse mean

Answer 42

90 degrees to something

Question 43

what does descending mean

Answer 43

going downwards

Question 44

what does adduction mean

Answer 44

returning a body part to its normal resting position

Question 45

what does abduction mean

Answer 45

moving a body part away from its resting anatomical position

Question 46

what does extension mean

Answer 46

increasing joint angle

Question 47

what does flexion mean

Answer 47

decreasing a joint angle

Question 48

what does internal rotation mean

Answer 48

rotating the joint towards the midline

Question 49

what does external rotation mean

Answer 49

rotating a joint away from the midline

Question 50

what does depression mean

Answer 50

lowering

Question 51

what is circumduction

Answer 51

only occurs in ball and socket joints combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction described as a circular motion

Question 52

what is supination

Answer 52

rotation of the forearm and hand until the palm points vertically

Question 53

what is pronation

Answer 53

rotation of the forearm and hand that results in the palm pointing dorsally radius crosses the ulna

Question 54

what is osteology

Answer 54

study of bone tissue

Question 55

what are synovial joints

Answer 55

skeletal elements are separated by a cavity

Question 56

what are solid joints

Answer 56

there is no cavity and the components are held by connective tissue

Question 57

what is a ligament

Answer 57

a band of connective tissue that connects bones to each other

Question 58

what is a tendon

Answer 58

a band of connective tissue that connects muscles to bones

Question 59

what is aponeurosis

Answer 59

a broad, flat sheet of connective tissue that anchors a muscle or connects a muscle to the part that moves

Question 60

what is origin

Answer 60

a point of attachment of a muscle that moves the least when the muscle is contracted

Question 61

what is insertion

Answer 61

a point of attachment of a muscle that moves the most when the muscle is contacted

Question 62

what is fascia

Answer 62

a sheet of connective tissue that encases structures or acts as a separation between different layers of tissue

Question 63

what is a crest

Answer 63

a prominent border or ridge

Question 64

what is a epicondyle

Answer 64

a smaller projection situated above a condyle

Question 65

what is a linea

Answer 65

a narrow, line like ridge less prominent than a crest

Question 66

what is a process

Answer 66

a prominent projection of a bone

Question 67

what is a ramus/ rami

Answer 67

a branch like process

Question 68

what is a spine

Answer 68

a sharp, slender ridge

Question 69

what is a trochanter

Answer 69

a relatively large, blunt projection of bone - found only on a femur

Question 70

what is a tubercle

Answer 70

a small, knob like process

Question 71

what is a tuberosity

Answer 71

a large, roughened, knob like process or thickened area of a bone

Question 72

what is a foramen

Answer 72

an opening for the passage of blood vessels or nerves

Question 73

what is a fossa

Answer 73

a shallow depression or cavity

Question 74

what is a meatus

Answer 74

a tube like passageway with a bone

Question 75

what is a notch

Answer 75

a depression from one side of a bone to another

Question 76

what is a sinus

Answer 76

a recess, cavity or hollow air filled space within a bone

Question 77

what are the two parts of a long bone

Answer 77

diaphysis epiphysis

Question 78

what is the articular surface of the epiphysis covered with

Answer 78

hyaline cartilage

Question 79

what lies between the epiphysis and diaphysis

Answer 79

metaphysics - incudes the epiphyseal plate - growing plate

Question 80

where is red bone marrow found

Answer 80

epiphysis

Question 81

what is he hollow region in the diaphysis

Answer 81

medullary cavity filled with yellow marrow in adults