language and occupation

Question 1

Who’s theory focused on business letters, faxes and emails?

Answer 1

Louhiala-Salminen

Question 2

In what year was Louhiala-Salinen’s theory published?

Answer 2

1999

Question 3

What were Louhiala-Salminen’s findings?

Answer 3

Business letters are more formal than emails and faxes as conventions of letters are well-established

Question 4

Why did they theorize emails and faxes are less formal?

Answer 4

-more variations of language as the writers are less constrained to conform to certain standards
-they are context-dependent, often less explicit as assume reader has background knowledge

Question 5

Who completed the Korean pilots study?

Answer 5

Kim and Elder

Question 6

When did Kim and Elder complete their study?

Answer 6

2009

Question 7

What did Kim and Elder look at?

Answer 7

The communication difficulties between Korean pilots and American air traffic staff

Question 8

What did Kim and Elder find?

Answer 8

Communication difficulties were not due to poor language skills but because American staff would not use agreed upon phrases

Question 9

What did Cameron study?

Answer 9

Telephone conversations in call centres

Question 10

When did Cameron complete his study?

Answer 10

2000

Question 11

What did Cameron find?

Answer 11

Conversations were highly formulaic in order to elicit information from customer but had no inter-personal relationship

Question 12

What concept did Swales study?

Answer 12

discourse communities

Question 13

What is a discourse community?

Answer 13

Contains members who: share a set of goals, communicate internally or by ‘owning’ several genres, use specialist lexis and discourse and possess a level of skill for suitable participation

Question 14

Who theorized inferential frameworks?

Answer 14

Drew and Heritage

Question 15

What did Drew and Heritage suggest?

Answer 15

members of a discourse community share inferential frameworks - involving implicit ways of thinking, behaving and communicating

Question 16

What did Drew and Heritage suggest about power relations?

Answer 16

there are strong power hierarchies and many asymmetrical relations within the work place

Question 17

What did Nelson study?

Answer 17

Whether business language exists

Question 18

When did Nelson complete his study?

Answer 18

2000

Question 19

What did Nelson find?

Answer 19

-There is a semantic field for business with a limited number of categories
-certain language is not used

Question 20

What is an example of legalese?

Answer 20

subpoena (a writ requiring someone to attend court), voir dire (examination of witness in court)

Question 21

What are some general lexis which has been repurposed for a legal usage?

Answer 21

party, action

Question 22

Give an example of an occupational idiom

Answer 22

bringing home the bacon, balancing the books

Question 23

give an example of a business idiom with sport origins

Answer 23

the ball is in your court, hit the ground running

Question 24

What are some lexical difference between the business corpus and the general corpus according to Nelson?

Answer 24

rather than places like village, town, street, they’ll use, boardroom, premises

Question 25

What did Nelson find about business English and negative states?

Answer 25

there are very few lexemes to describe the negative state, but also profound feelings

Question 26

What did Nelson find regarding business English and truth

Answer 26

the word truth is used 9x less in business English

Question 27

How are pragmatics important in occupational lexis?

Answer 27

they show inferred meaning therefore a sense of shared knowledge which brings power to the understander

Question 28

How does Wareing (1999) relate to occupational lexis?

Answer 28

There is a knowledge in power, such as rules how to behave, if you do not know these rules you cannot participate in the community and have a feeling of 'outsider syndrome'

Question 29

What do Drew and Heritage suggest?

Answer 29

people in a discourse community share an inferential framework

Question 30

What does an inferential framework consist of?

Answer 30

implicit ways of thinking, behaving and communicating

Question 31

What did Drew and Heritage state about hierarchies in the workplace?

Answer 31

There are hierarchies with many asymmetrical relationships marked by language use

Question 32

What did Koester (2004) research?

Answer 32

phatic communication in the workplace

Question 33

What did Koester find?

Answer 33

Being sociable and engaging in personal chat is an important aspect for effective working

Question 34

According to Koester, what does phatic talk create?

Answer 34

solidarity which is the ability to communicate with others

Question 35

What did Cameron research?

Answer 35

call center conversations

Question 36

What did Cameron find?

Answer 36

employees who strayed from the scripted response were the most successful in their sales