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English Language > language and occupation > Flashcards

language and occupation Flashcards

1
Q

Who’s theory focused on business letters, faxes and emails?

A

Louhiala-Salminen

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2
Q

In what year was Louhiala-Salinen’s theory published?

A

1999

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3
Q

What were Louhiala-Salminen’s findings?

A

Business letters are more formal than emails and faxes as conventions of letters are well-established

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4
Q

Why did they theorize emails and faxes are less formal?

A

-more variations of language as the writers are less constrained to conform to certain standards
-they are context-dependent, often less explicit as assume reader has background knowledge

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5
Q

Who completed the Korean pilots study?

A

Kim and Elder

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6
Q

When did Kim and Elder complete their study?

A

2009

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7
Q

What did Kim and Elder look at?

A

The communication difficulties between Korean pilots and American air traffic staff

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8
Q

What did Kim and Elder find?

A

Communication difficulties were not due to poor language skills but because American staff would not use agreed upon phrases

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9
Q

What did Cameron study?

A

Telephone conversations in call centres

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10
Q

When did Cameron complete his study?

A

2000

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11
Q

What did Cameron find?

A

Conversations were highly formulaic in order to elicit information from customer but had no inter-personal relationship

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12
Q

What concept did Swales study?

A

discourse communities

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13
Q

What is a discourse community?

A

Contains members who: share a set of goals, communicate internally or by ‘owning’ several genres, use specialist lexis and discourse and possess a level of skill for suitable participation

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14
Q

Who theorized inferential frameworks?

A

Drew and Heritage

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15
Q

What did Drew and Heritage suggest?

A

members of a discourse community share inferential frameworks - involving implicit ways of thinking, behaving and communicating

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16
Q

What did Drew and Heritage suggest about power relations?

A

there are strong power hierarchies and many asymmetrical relations within the work place

17
Q

What did Nelson study?

A

Whether business language exists

18
Q

When did Nelson complete his study?

A

2000

19
Q

What did Nelson find?

A

-There is a semantic field for business with a limited number of categories
-certain language is not used

20
Q

What is an example of legalese?

A

subpoena (a writ requiring someone to attend court), voir dire (examination of witness in court)

21
Q

What are some general lexis which has been repurposed for a legal usage?

A

party, action

22
Q

Give an example of an occupational idiom

A

bringing home the bacon, balancing the books

23
Q

give an example of a business idiom with sport origins

A

the ball is in your court, hit the ground running

24
Q

What are some lexical difference between the business corpus and the general corpus according to Nelson?

A

rather than places like village, town, street, they’ll use, boardroom, premises

25
Q

What did Nelson find about business English and negative states?

A

there are very few lexemes to describe the negative state, but also profound feelings

26
Q

What did Nelson find regarding business English and truth

A

the word truth is used 9x less in business English

27
Q

How are pragmatics important in occupational lexis?

A

they show inferred meaning therefore a sense of shared knowledge which brings power to the understander

28
Q

How does Wareing (1999) relate to occupational lexis?

A

There is a knowledge in power, such as rules how to behave, if you do not know these rules you cannot participate in the community and have a feeling of ‘outsider syndrome’

29
Q

What do Drew and Heritage suggest?

A

people in a discourse community share an inferential framework

30
Q

What does an inferential framework consist of?

A

implicit ways of thinking, behaving and communicating

31
Q

What did Drew and Heritage state about hierarchies in the workplace?

A

There are hierarchies with many asymmetrical relationships marked by language use

32
Q

What did Koester (2004) research?

A

phatic communication in the workplace

33
Q

What did Koester find?

A

Being sociable and engaging in personal chat is an important aspect for effective working

34
Q

According to Koester, what does phatic talk create?

A

solidarity which is the ability to communicate with others

35
Q

What did Cameron research?

A

call center conversations

36
Q

What did Cameron find?

A

employees who strayed from the scripted response were the most successful in their sales

English Language (5 decks)

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