Language And Occupation Flashcards
(42 cards)
What are the four theorist for language and occupation
Swales - discourse communities
Drew and Heritage - institutional talk
Koester - phatic communication
Giles - accommodation theory
How did swales define discourse communities
“Groups that have goals or purposes, and use communication to achieve these goals”
What are some of the characteristics of discourse communities
- Agreed set of common public goals
- Use mechanisms of communication among members
- Provide information and feedback
- Utilise and possess one or more genre to further its aims
- Specific lexis
- A threshold level of members with a suitable degree of relevant content and expertise
What did drew and heritage describe institutional talk as
Workplace/ professional, they state that it differs from ordinary conversations
What are the 6 ways in which institutional talk differs from ordinary conversations
- goal orientation
- turn-taking rules of restriction
- allowable contributions
- professional lexis
- structure
- asymmetry
What does goal orientation mean
Participants in workplace conversations usually focus on specific tasks and goals
What are allowable contributions
There may be restrictions on what kind of contributions are deemed allowable
What does turn-taking rules of participants mean
Some professional contexts there are special turn-taking rules in operation (courtroom)
what does professional lexis mean
The professional/ workplace context may be reflected in the lexical choice
What does structure mean
Workplace and professional interactions are often asymmetrical, that is often one speaker has more power and or/special knowledge than the other
What did koester establish in his theory
Phatic talk is important in workplace - building relationships and getting jobs done
What does convergence mean in terms of Giles’s theory
When we use language to resemble that used by those around us,
What does divergence mean in relation to Giles theory
When we use language to distance ourselves from others, certain occupations require communication to be formal
What does jargon/ occupation register mean
Specialist lexis used by profession or group that others may find hard to understand
What is an acronym
Words which are formed from the first letters of other words, and which are pronounced as full words
What is an initialism
Words made from the first letters of each words, they are spoken letter by letter
What is a term of address
A word, phrase, name or title used when addressing someone
What does controlling the discourse mean
Who is controlling the discourse, overlaps and interruptions
What is standard English
The standard of English widely accepted as the correct form of English
What is a semantic field
A set of words related in meaning
What are archaic terms
Older, traditional lexis
What is peroration
Show disapproval
What is approbation
Show approval
What are imperatives
Orders/ commands
