Language Development Unit 2

Question 1

How do you calculate MLU?

Answer 1

Total Morphemes / Total Utterances

Question 2

What does an increase in MLU mean?

Answer 2

Increased complexity of the utterances

Question 3

Morphological Suffixes

The “s” in “She talks” is an example of what?

Answer 3

Regular third person

Question 4

Morphological suffixes

The “-ing” in “He’s jumping” is an example of what?

Answer 4

Present progressive

Question 5

Morphological Suffixes

The “-ed” in “She jumped” is an example what?

Answer 5

Regular past tense

Question 6

Copula or Auxiliary

The “is” in “This is important” is an example of what?

Answer 6

Uncontractible copula

Question 7

Copula or Auxiliary

The “was” in “He was watching TV” is an example of what?

Answer 7

Uncontractible Auxiliary

Question 8

Copula or Auxiliary

What is the difference between Copula and Auxiliary verbs?

Answer 8

Copulas are the main verb in their sentence, while Auxiliary verbs are “helping” the main verb.

Question 9

What is the difference between auxiliary and modal auxiliary?

Answer 9

Auxiliary verbs are just secondary verbs to the main verbs in a sentence and can be contracted. Modal auxiliary verbs have meaning of their own, and do not change their form depending on factors in the sentence.

The “meanings” of modal can be related to permission, obligation, etc.

Question 10

Modal Auxiliary or Auxiliary

The “must” in “She must go there” is an example of

Answer 10

Modal auxiliary

Question 11

Modal auxiliary or Auxiliary

The “can” in “He can run” is an example of

Answer 11

Auxiliary verb

Question 12

What is a preposition?

Answer 12

A word that shows any kind of relation between the noun and other words in the sentence.

“The woman is on the roof.”

Question 13

Types of phrases

What is a participle?

Answer 13

A verb that functions as an adjective

Ex. “Burn” to “burned”; “burned toast”

Question 14

Types of phrases

What is a preposition?

Answer 14

A word that precedes a noun or pronoun and modifies/relates to another element in the clause.

Question 15

Types of phrases

What is a gerund?

Answer 15

A form derived from a verb but functions as a noun.

Always an “-ing”, such as “reading” in “reading is my favorite hobby”

Question 16

Types of phrases

What is an infinitive?

Answer 16

When a verb is followed by “to”, such as “to see”

Question 17

What is a phrase?

Answer 17

A group of words that do not include a subject and a predicate (verb), and cannot stand alone in a sentence.

Question 18

What is a clause?

Answer 18

A group of words that include a subject and a predicate (verb). They can stand alone in a sentence.

Question 19

What is embedding?

Answer 19

When a phrase or clause becomes part of a sentence.

Question 20

Clauses

What is a subordinate clause?

Answer 20

A clause that adds more information to a sentence but does not make sense on its own.

My sister, “who is older than me”, is a doctor.

Question 21

Clauses

What is a noun clause?

Answer 21

When the main noun is in the second part of the sentence / in the subordinate clause. When the subordinate clause is the object of the main clause.

I know that you can do it.

Question 22

Clauses

What are embedded wh- complements?

Answer 22

When a subordinate clause with a wh- word fills the object function in a sentence

She knows who put it there.

Question 23

Clauses

What is a relative clause?

Answer 23

When there’s a noun before the clause, and the clause is adding information about that noun

The woman is riding a bike.

Question 24

Verb phrases

What is a transitive verb?

Answer 24

A phrase that has a verb and a direct object.

I ate the bagel

Question 25

# Verb phrases What is an intransitive verb?

Answer 25

A phrase that has a verb but no direct object. | She **jumped**.

Question 26

# Chapter 1 What is a free morpheme?

Answer 26

A morpheme that can be its own word

Question 27

# Chapter 1 What is a bound morpheme?

Answer 27

A morpheme that can not be its own word | Ex: dog**s**, walk**ing**

Question 28

# Chapter 1 What is a derivational morpheme?

Answer 28

Derivational morphemes change the word's part of speech | Can be a suffix or a prefix

Question 29

# Chapter 1 What is an inflectional morpheme?

Answer 29

Inflectional morphemes do not change part of speech and add grammatical information about number, tense, comparisons, etc. | Tall > Tall**er**; Horse > Horse**s** ## Footnote Can only be suffixes

Question 30

# Chapter 1 What are paralinguistic mechanisms?

Answer 30

Vocal and physical cues that accompany speech and contribute to the overall meaning and emotional context. | Ex.: rate of speech, tone, volume, etc.

Question 31

# Chapter 1 What are nonlinguistic cues?

Answer 31

Non-verbal cues that still convey communication | Ex: gestures, facial expressions, etc.

Question 32

# Chapter 1 Metalinguistic Skills

Answer 32

The ability to think about language and aspects of language

Question 33

# Chapter 10 What is a narrative recount?

Answer 33

Retelling a past event or experience that is requested by someone

Question 34

# Chapter 10 What is a narrative account?

Answer 34

Spontaneous narratives in which children share their experiences

Question 35

# Chapter 10 What is an eventcast?

Answer 35

Narratives that explain a current/future events

Question 36

# Chapter 10 What is a story?

Answer 36

Fictional narratives that follow a structure

Question 37

# Chapter 10 What do 5 and 6 year olds tell stories about?

Answer 37

- Most common: personal narratives (70%) - Fantasy/imaginary stories

Question 38

# Chapter 10 The narratives of children with weaker language skills tend to:

Answer 38

Be shorter and have less internal organization

Question 39

# Chapter 10 What is Conversational Repair?

Answer 39

The process of detecting and resolving problems in speaking, hearing and understanding during a conversation. | Ex. Asking for more information, clarifying, etc.