Language Files Chapter 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Phonology
The study of the distribution of sounds in a language and the interactions between those different sounds
Phonotactic constraints
Restrictions on possible combinations of sounds
Noncontrastive
Term used to describe two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in a language
Distribution
The set of phonetic environments in which distrubtion occurs
Contrastive Distribution
The two sounds occur in the same phonetic environment
Minimal pair
a pair of words whose pronunciations differ by exactly one sound and have different meanings
Alternation
A difference between two or more phonetic forms that you might otherwise expect to be related
Complementary distribution
Sounds that are considered to be allophones of the same phoneme
Free variation
Sounts that are interchangeable in word-final position
Phonological Rules
The mapping between phonemic and phonetic elements
Conditioning Environments
Neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo a change
Contrastive
Term used to describe two sounds that can be used to differentiate words in a language
Derivation
In phonology a process by which an underlying form is change as phonological rules act upon it.
Dissimilation
Process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some feature
Environment
The contexts that immediately precede and follow a sound
Implicational law
observation about language universals that takes the form of an implication
Insertion
Phonologica process by which a segment not present in the phonemic form is added in the phonetic form
metathesis
Switching of the order of two sounds each taking the place of the other
Natural Class
Group of sounds in a language that satisfy a given description to the exclusion of other sounds in that language.
Near Minimal pair
Similar to a minimal pair, but whereas the words in a minimal pair are identical apart from the contrastive sounds, the words in a near-minimal pair are only almost identical apart from the contrastive sounds
Optional Rule
Phonological, morphological or syntactic rule that may or may not apply in an individuals speech
Overlapping distribuiton
The occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments
Palatalization
A process wherein a sound takes on a palatal place of articulation, usually in assimilation to high or mid front vowels
Phoneme
A class of speech sounds identified by a native speaker as the same sound
