Language Files Chapter 5

Question 1

Adjective

Answer 1

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category. Morphologically, consists of words to which the comparative suffix -er or the suffix -ness can be added

Question 2

Adjunct

Answer 2

A linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional; also called modifier

Question 3

Adverb

Answer 3

The name of a lexical category and a sytactic category that consists of expressions such as quickly, well, furiously, etc.

Question 4

Agreement

Answer 4

The phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence (e.g. a verb its subject) must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender etc.

Question 5

Ambiguity

Answer 5

The phenomenon by which a single linguistic form (e.g. a word or a string of words) can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression. The form that is shared by more than one expression is said to be ambiguous

Question 6

Argument

Answer 6

a linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence in some other expression occurs in that sentence as well If the occurrene of an expression X in a sentence requires the occurrence of an expression Y in that sentence, we say that Y is an argment of X

Question 7

Cleft

Answer 7

A type of sentence that has the general form It is/was X that Y

Question 8

Complement

Answer 8

A non-subject argument of some expression

Question 9

Conjunct

Answer 9

An argument of a coordinating conjunction such as and or or

Question 10

Co-Occurrence

Answer 10

The set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence

Question 11

Determiner

Answer 11

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the a, this, all, etc. Syntactically, consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun to their right result in an expression of category noun phrase.

Question 12

Ditransitive Verb

Answer 12

The name of a syntactic caategory that consists of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase. A verb that needs two noun phrase complements

Question 13

Grammatical

Answer 13

A term used to describe a sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules. When some phrasal expression is constructed in accordance with the syntactic rules of a language we say it is grammatical or syntactically well-formed

Question 14

GrammaticalityJudgment

Answer 14

An instance of a native speaker of some language deciding whether some string of words corresponds to a syntactically well-formed or grammatical phrasal expression in their native language

Question 15

Homophony

Answer 15

The phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non-phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form, i.e., sound the same

Question 16

Intransitive Verb

Answer 16

The name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase

Question 17

Lexical Ambiguity

Answer 17

The phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties.

Question 18

Lexical Entry

Answer 18

A representation of a lexical expression and its linguistic properites within a descriptive grammar of some language. A colleciton of lexical entries constitutes the lexicon. A lexical entry has the form f to x where f is the form of osme particular lexical expression and X is its syntactic category

Question 19

Lexical Expression

Answer 19

A linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon

Question 20

Lexicon

Answer 20

A mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning, morphological

Question 21

Linguistic Expression

Answer 21

A piece of language with a form, a meaning and syntactic properites

Question 22

Morphosyntax

Answer 22

The name for syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar

Question 23

Noun Adjunct

Answer 23

A kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category noun with the resulting expression also being of category noun

Question 24

Noun Phrase

Answer 24

The name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution

Question 25

Object

Answer 25

A noun phrase that usually occurs immediately to the right of the verb in English

Question 26

Phrasal Expression

Answer 26

A linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions A multi-word linguistic expression. A sentence is a special kind of pharasal xpression

Question 27

Phrase Structure rule

Answer 27

A recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories

Question 28

Phrase Structure Tree

Answer 28

A visual representation of how phrases are constructed within a descriptive grammar, given the lexicon and the phrase structure rules

Question 29

Preposition

Answer 29

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, ith etc.

Question 30

Prepositional Phrase

Answer 30

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase

Question 31

Principle of Compositionality

Answer 31

The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined

Question 32

Structural Ambiguity

Answer 32

The phenomenon where a single string of words or morphemes is the form of more than one distinct phrasal expression

Question 33

Subject

Answer 33

An expression, typically a noun phrase, that occurs to the left of the verb phrase, that occurs to the left of the v erb phrase in an English sentence

Question 34

Syntactic Category

Answer 34

A group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties. All expressions that belong to the same syntactic category have more or less the same syntactic distribution

Question 35

Topicalization

Answer 35

A syntactic process by which in english a syntactic constituent occurs the beginning of a sentence in order to highlight the topic under discussion

Question 36

Transitive Verb

Answer 36

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase

Question 37

Ungrammatical

Answer 37

Not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules. When some phrasal expression is not constructed in accordance with the syntactic rules of a language

Question 38

Verb Phrase

Answer 38

The name of a syntactic category that consists of all expressions which if combined with a noun phrase to their left result in a sentence

Question 39

Verb Phrase Adjunct

Answer 39

A kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category verb phrase with the resulting expression also being of category verb phrase

Question 40

Visual-Gestural Language

Answer 40

Language with a signed modality (produced with gestures of the hands, arms, and face an interpreted visually