Language pt 2 Flashcards
What is stimulus generalization?
An observer’s ability to classify different stimuli as being the same. Eg. newspapers in foreign countries
What is type-token distinction?
The ability to differentiate superficial versus structural differences in stimuli. Eg. Letter A is different fonts.
What is stimulus discrimination?
The ability to differentiate stimuli based on existing top-down information. Eg. reading another person’s handwritten notes.
What is categorical perception?
What are the findings from Liberman et al. (1957)?
Categorical boundaries were more important than categorical distances.
What are the findings from Goldstone (1994)?
Training participations acquire distinctiveness and as a result perform better than control.
What is a potential confound in categorical perception?
Could it be that participants are using different verbal labelling?
What are the key findings from Goldstone et al. (2001)
After deliberate removal of rich semantic language, categorical perception effect was found to be present.
What is the Whorf hypothesis?
The way we divide up the world is determined by the lines laid down by our native language. The language we use determines our perceptions!
What is the Roschian hypothesis?
Structure of the world determines how objects are grouped together
What is universalism?
Humans have the same conceptual system regardless of language. Typically goes against a Whorfian view.
What is relativism?
Human perceptual systems are depending on ntive culture. Supports Whorfian view.
What are the 3 elements of color?
1) hue
2) saturation
3) brightness
What do Munsell colors help uncover?
Universalism versus relativism
What did the Heider (1972) study show?
Researched differences between Americans and Indonesian New Guinea natives, Dugum Dani, and found evidence for universalism as both groups were able to better identify focal colours over non-focal ones.
What did the Robertson et al (2000) study show?
By studying color categorization between English and Berinmo, there was evidence of relativism.
What is commonly agreed about language and perception?
Language draws attention to differences that might have otherwise gone unnoticed.
What are aphasias?
Language deficits, typically from language.
Broadly, how many types of aphasias are there?
1) Broca’s (syntactic)
2) Wernicke’s (semantic)
3) Global (total loss of language)
What has evolved in our understanding of aphasia?
There is a much more nuanced understanding of the different aphasias and how they overlap.
What is Alexia?
It is acquired Dyslexia.
In both Alexia and Dyslexia, agraphia (inability to write) may also be present.
How many types of Alexia are there?
1) Surface
2) Deep
3) Pure
What do the different types of Alexia suggest?
That there are 2 different systems (phonological and semantic) at play.
How common is dysliexia?
5 to 17% of global population (McCandliss & Noble, 2003)
