Large Animal

Question 1

usually proceeds hematuria

Answer 1

exercise

Question 2

striped blister beetle

Answer 2

few can kill horses

Question 3

ruminant males urinate differently?

Answer 3

urinate slowly v. male horses quick and vigorous strong stream

Question 4

feel the kidneys?

Answer 4

just the caudal pole of left kidney

can’t feed ureters but can feel proximal urethras

Question 5

in small ruminants can feel

Answer 5

proximal urethra

pulsing? stones?

Question 6

easy to catheterize horse?

bull?

Answer 6

yep
have to sedate males though (have strong retractor muscle)

bulll? no. signmoid flexure

Question 7

hemolysis in cows

Answer 7

causes nephromathy.

Question 8

effect of renal disease

Answer 8

anemia of chronic inflammation, dec. EPO

Question 9

inc. globulin and TP means

Answer 9

chronic long standing inflammation

Question 10

Creatinine

Answer 10

most helpful detection method in large animals

Question 11

BUN in cattle

Answer 11

recycled to urea in rumen almost entirely excreted there

Question 12

Electrolytes in chronic kidney disease in horses

Answer 12

high Ca low P

probably getting too much alfalfa!!

Question 13

normal ruminant and horse urine

Answer 13

ruminant - clear, straw colored

horse - cloudy, mucous

Question 14

hyposthenuria

Answer 14

normal in suckling foals

1.008

Question 15

helps differentiate pre for renal azotemia?

Answer 15

Na
above 1% means renal disease
less than 1% means normal tubular function

Question 16

GGT

Answer 16

reflects proximal tubular damage when compared to Creatinine over 100 U/g is abnormal

Question 17

False positive proteinuria?

Answer 17

ruminant alkaline urine does this

Question 18

Protein/Creat should be

Answer 18

1 or less

2+ is proteinuria

Question 19

horses have ______ glucose threshold

Answer 19

low

Question 20

casts in ruminants

Answer 20

unstable, need to look within 30 minutes

Question 21

crystals

Answer 21

ca carb in all horse urine
struvites too…
normal?…

Question 22

spherical bladder

Answer 22

distension

Question 23

After giving fluids to horse with prerenal azotemia after a day

Answer 23

value should reduce by half because fixing the deydration

Question 24

vasomotor nephropathy

Answer 24

ischemic
acute kidney injury
hypotension and sudden blood loss (toxic line in gums, endotoxemia)

Question 25

aminoglycoside toxicity

Answer 25

bind to brush border for MONTHS some vasomotor but mostly direct epithelial cell damage!! Can give to horses though...?

Question 26

oxytetracycling in foals with tendon contracture

Answer 26

nephrotoxic

Question 27

amphotericin B

Answer 27

super super duper toxic

Question 28

NSAIDS

Answer 28

cox dec. PG so dont get vasodilation -> -> ischemic necrosis

Question 29

myoglobinuria

Answer 29

rhabdomyolysis

Question 30

Leptospirosis

Answer 30

interrogans bratislava has horse as incidental host | clinical syndromes: SKI, uveitis, neonatal syndromes

Question 31

for urine culture use

Answer 31

the 2nd voiding, has more organisms

Question 32

acute glomerularnephritis

Answer 32

strep , AbAg complexes rare complement activation ->damages adjacent tissues

Question 33

post-renal azotemia

Answer 33

foals(colts) Arched back! pollakiuria - ruptured bladder - from bladder necrosis obstructive urolithiasis

Question 34

first place to see edema

Answer 34

conjunctiva | ventrum

Question 35

treatment for AKI

Answer 35

hyperkalemia treatment furosemide maybe mannitol and dopamine have fallen out of favor

Question 36

chronic kidney disease

Answer 36

fatal...