Large Animal Diseases

Question 0

Head moves ____ in a horse with forelimb pain

Answer 0

Up

Question 1

Name some acute signs of pain in a horse

Answer 1

• restlessness
• rigid stance
• head pressing
• dilated pupils
• flared nostrils
• sweating
• increased respiratory rate and pulse rate

Question 2

Head moves _____ in a horse with hindlimb pain

Answer 2

Down

Question 3

Name some signs in a horse with abdominal pain (acute pain)

Answer 3

• look, bite or kick abdomen
• get up and lie down frequently
• walking in circles
• sweating
• rolling/ thrashing

Question 4

This acts as a pump to create the force required to drive the blood up the distal limb against gravity in a horse

Answer 4

Frog

Question 5

Foals feet and limbs should be trimmed at intervals no greater than ___ weeks. You should also change the hoofs every ____ weeks

Answer 5

6

Question 6

True or false - hooves grow continuously from the coronary band

Answer 6

True

Question 7

A condition in a horse in which the front hoof has too much heel left on after trimming. It is unable to expand normally with weight bearing. (Standing narrow)

Answer 7

Contracted feet

Question 8

What is contracted feet in a horse caused by?

Answer 8

Injury, disuse if the foot, improper trimming and shoeing, leaving shoes on too long or excessive hoof dryness.

Question 9

This condition in a horses foot may be caused by inadequate circulation, extreme environmental conditions, genetics, frequent bathing, prolonged exposure to mud or bedding that dry out the hoof.

Answer 9

Dry, brittle feet

Question 10

What can cause hoof wall cracks ?

Answer 10

Most common cause is dry brittle hoof. Also lack of water.

Question 11

This is a type of bruise-trauma injury that is caused by impact and appears reddish because of the damaged tissues and blood vessels.

Answer 11

Corns

Question 12

Where are corns found in a horse ?

Answer 12

In the sole at the angle formed by the wall and the bar of the sole. And most frequently occur inside of the front feet.

Question 13

This is injury to the soft tissue underlying the sole. It involves toe and quarter regions.

Answer 13

Sole bruise

Question 14

This is an infection in a horse cause by an anaerobic bacterial infection of Fusobacterium Necrophorum. This bacteria is commonly found in normal flora of mouth and large int. when dirt of feces become trapped in the hoof, an environmental for excessive bacterial growth occurs resulting in ______

Answer 14

Thrush

Question 15

What are some causes if Thrush

Answer 15

Poor hygiene: muddy, dirty stalls, lack of daily hoof care/ cleaning.
Lack of movement: decreased circulation in the hoof is an increase for infection.
Diet: Hugh carb diet.

Question 16

What are some signs of Thrush

Answer 16

Pungent, foul smell, thick black substance in or around the frog.

Question 17

This refers to pain of lameness with the navicular bone.

Answer 17

Navicular disease.

Question 18

This dz is defined as “caudal heel pain”, which can include numerous problems associated with the hoof.

Answer 18

Navicular disease

Question 19

True or false: navicular disease is gradual and progressive, taking years and multiple X rays to diagnose.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

This is inflammation of the foot inside the hoof capsule. Inflammation of what attaches the coffin bone to hood wall

Answer 20

Laminitis

Question 21

What are some symptoms of laminitis

Answer 21

Lameness- usually bilateral, rocking back onto hind legs to decrease weight bearing in forelegs. Shifting leg lameness when standing. Hind limbs may be tucked under body.

Question 22

What are some causes of laminitis

Answer 22

Toxemia, carbohydrate overload, trauma, systemic infection, cold water ingestion

Question 23

Navicular dz is commonly seen in ___-____ years

Answer 23

7-14

Question 24

Laminitis is also known as what

Answer 24

Founder

Question 25

What is laminitis?

Answer 25

Inflammation of laminae that attach coffin bone to hoof wall.

Question 26

What are some symptoms of laminitis ?

Answer 26

Lameness - usually bilateral | Rocking back and forth onto hind legs to decrease weight bearing on forelegs

Question 27

Name some causes of laminitis ?

Answer 27

``` Toxemia Carbohydrate overload Trauma Systemic infection Cold water ingestion ```

Question 28

Treatment for laminitis ?

Answer 28

Corrective shoeing and pain management (NSAIDS)

Question 29

What is caused by the progressive separation if the hoof wall from the sole of the white line ?

Answer 29

White line disease or "seedy toe"

Question 30

Pertaining to white line dz, what is the separation caused by

Answer 30

Overgrowth of the hoof

Question 31

Treatment for white line dz

Answer 31

Remove dz wall allowing air to the affected area

Question 32

What are the joints involved with angular limb deformities

Answer 32

Carpus Fetlock Hock

Question 33

Angular limb deformities can be either _____ or ______

Answer 33

Congenital or acquired

Question 34

A congenital limb deformity means

Answer 34

It was due it under developed bones or ligaments

Question 35

Acquired limb deformities mean

Answer 35

It was due to a multitude if circumstances, all of which cause an unbalance rate of growth (trauma, infection, nutritional imbalances)

Question 36

What does varus mean?

Answer 36

Refers to a horse which is typically toed-In. It is less common but the fetlock is affected

Question 37

What does valgus mean?

Answer 37

Refers to a horse typically toed - out. It is most common and is generally found in the carpus.

Question 38

What is it called when a foal is born prematurely or poorly developed

Answer 38

A carpal collapse or carpal bone hypoplasia

Question 39

What muscle is involved with a carpal collapse / carpal bone hypoplasia

Answer 39

The flexor tendons

Question 40

What is a bowed tendon cause by?

Answer 40

When both the deep and superficial tendons are prone to injury because of the forces place by galloping horses.

Question 41

T/f a bowed tendon is a slow healing process. It takes about 6-12 months to heal.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What muscles are injured with a bowed tendon

Answer 42

The deep and superficial tendons. And the mid metacarpal region

Question 43

T/f septic arthritis is an infection

Answer 43

True

Question 44

What is the lay term to describe osteitis and periostitis of the splint bones

Answer 44

Splints

Question 45

Causes if getting splints

Answer 45

Direct trauma | Repeating kicking can also cause swelling

Question 46

Name some signs of a horse with splints

Answer 46

Swelling over the medial aspect of the MC

Question 47

Definition of splint

Answer 47

Tearing of interosseus muscle between cannon bone and splint bones

Question 48

Bucked shins is aka

Answer 48

Metacarpal bone disease

Question 49

Term for pain and new bone production associated with the dorsomedial aspect of the middle third of MC 3

Answer 49

Bucked shins

Question 50

What is the most common injury us young horses in high intensity training (2 yo TB's)

Answer 50

Bucked shins

Question 51

Fluid filled subcutaneous swelling at the point of the elbow is called what

Answer 51

Hydro a of the elbow/shoe boil

Question 52

Condition that results in involuntary flexion of one or both hindlimbs. Spastic hyperflexion of hindlimb

Answer 52

Stringhalt

Question 53

Joint being broken down causing an inflammatory response. It is a common condition in all horse and predominantly affects high motion joints. Most common cause due to joint instability or trauma

Answer 53

Degenerative joint dz

Question 54

Abnormal growth or articulation of the vertebral bodies resulting in a narrowing of the vertebral canal and focal compression of the spinal cord

Answer 54

Cervical vertebral malformation

Question 55

T/f Exertional Rhabdomyolysis is a condition

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Breakdown of muscle fibers that lead to release of muscle fiber contents (myoglobin) into bloodstream.

Answer 56

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 57

T/f idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia is a condition

Answer 57

True

Question 58

Dysfunction of left recurrent laryngeal nerve. You get paralysis on the left side of the larynx

Answer 58

Idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia roaring

Question 59

Rupture of pulmonary vessel during maximal exertion. Overdoing an untrained horse can rupture a pulmonary vessel.

Answer 59

Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage

Question 60

What are the two types of chronic obstructive pulmonary dz

Answer 60

Type 1- immediate Type 2- Arthus It's basically an allergic airway dz

Question 61

T/f sarcoid is a condition

Answer 61

True

Question 62

What is a sarcoid ?

Answer 62

Tumors. Neoplasia (rumors if viral origin)

Question 63

Most common skin tumor. It's benign and locally invasive. It's symptoms are masses.

Answer 63

Sarcoids

Question 64

Multiple rumors on hairless areas.

Answer 64

Melanoma

Question 65

Pink moist mass in distal limb over previous injury

Answer 65

Proud flesh: exuberant granulation tissue

Question 66

T/f you can use steroids where there's an ulcer

Answer 66

False. Where there's an ulcer, you can't use steroids.

Question 67

What is another name for gravel? It's cause, treatment and prognosis ?

Answer 67

- abscess - cause: forms from bruising to the sole, frog or heel. - prognosis: lameness, diagnose until lesion breaks out. - treatment: by exposing infection and relieving pressure. Soak hoof in epsom salts

Question 68

What type and age of horses are commonly affected by navicular dz?

Answer 68

Quarter horses, Tb's, warmbloods, and seen in 7-14 year olds

Question 69

Name 4 signs of navicular dz

Answer 69

Excessive heel growth Stiff gate Stumbling or tripping Exaggeration of pain going uphill

Question 70

Name some complications with navicular dz

Answer 70

Neuroma, rupture of deep digital flexor tendon, loss of hoof wall

Question 71

Name some treatment options for laminitis

Answer 71

Pain management Improve blood flow External support Diet management

Question 72

How is influenza transmitted

Answer 72

Direct-aerosol | Virus is species specific.

Question 73

What are some symptoms of influenza

Answer 73

Fever Depression Nasal discharge and cough Muscle soreness

Question 74

Treatment for influenza

Answer 74

Supportive care NSAIDs Rest Antibiotics

Question 75

Prevention for influenza

Answer 75

Vaccination

Question 76

Name some complications of influenza

Answer 76

Cont. stress | Cardiomyopathy

Question 77

What's another name for Rhinopneumonitis

Answer 77

Equine herpesvirus 1&4

Question 78

How is Rhinopneumonitis transmitted

Answer 78

Aerosol direct

Question 79

What are some signs and symptoms of Rhinopneumonitis

Answer 79

1. Respiratory dz. - flu symptoms, fever, loss of appetite, cough, depression 2. Neurological dz. weakness, ataxia, paralysis, 3. Reproductive dz. - abortopn

Question 80

Treatment for Rhinopneumonitis

Answer 80

``` Supportive care NSAIDs Antibiotics Rest Nursing care ```

Question 81

Prevention for Rhinopneumonitis

Answer 81

Vaccine

Question 82

Complications with Rhinopneumonitis

Answer 82

Colic | Pneumonia

Question 83

How is equine viral arteritis transmitted

Answer 83

Aerosol

Question 84

Name signs and symptoms of equine viral arteritis

Answer 84

Limb edema Fever Abortions Respiratory symptoms

Question 85

Treatment for equine arteritis

Answer 85

NSAIDs Care Antibiotics Rest

Question 86

Prevention for equine viral arteritis

Answer 86

Vaccination and isolation.

Question 87

Diagnosis for equine viral arteritis

Answer 87

Ongoing outbreaks Symptoms Titers

Question 88

How is strangles transmitted

Answer 88

By the streptococcus equi ,(distemper) | Oral/nasal Mucosa contact bacteria in contaminated surface

Question 89

Signs and symptoms of strangles

Answer 89

Mandinukar lymph node enlargement Nasal discharge Fever Cough

Question 90

Diagnosis of strangles

Answer 90

Outbreak in barn | Culture of strep. Equi from nasal passage or discharge

Question 91

Treatment for strangles

Answer 91

NSAIDs Penicillin Drain mature abscess

Question 92

Prevention for strangles

Answer 92

Vaccine Manage outbreaks Sanitation.

Question 93

Transmission of west nile virus

Answer 93

Mosquito | Reservoir is bird

Question 94

Signs of West Nile virus

Answer 94

``` Fever Depression Impaired Vision In coordination Head pressing Death ```

Question 95

Treatment for West Nile virus

Answer 95

Care NSAIDs Antibiotics

Question 96

Prevention for West Nile virus

Answer 96

Vaccine Mosquito control Don't let stand In Water