Large data set Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

What is daily mean temperature

A

The average of the hourly temperature readings during a 24 hour time period

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2
Q

What is rainfall

A

Rainfall includes solid precipitation such as snow and hail which is melted before being included in any measurements

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3
Q

What are rainfall amounts between 0 and 0.05mm recorded as

A

Recorded as ‘tr’ or ‘trace’

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4
Q

What is daily total sunshine recorded to

A

Recorded to the nearest tenth of an hour

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5
Q

What are the only data recorded for oversees locations, state the units for each

A
  • Daily mean temperature, degrees C
  • Daily mean pressure, hPa
  • Daily mean windspeed, Kn (rounded to 1dp for international)
  • Daily total rainfall, mm
  • Windspeed Beaufort, most days are ‘light’
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6
Q

What is daily mean wind direction and windspeed recorded in

A

Windspeed is recorded in knots averaged over 24 hours from midnight to midnight
Mean wind directions are given as bearings and as compass directions (360 degrees at top and subtract from that not adding from 0 clockwise)

Wind direction measures where wind is coming FROM not where its going to

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7
Q

What is the Beaufort scale

A

A way of categorising mean windspeed

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8
Q

What does a Beaufort scale of 0 mean

A

That the average speed at 10m above the ground is less than 1 knot and the environment is described as ‘calm’

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9
Q

What does a Beaufort scale of 1-3 mean

A

That the average speed at 10m above the ground is 1 to 10 knots and the environment is described as ‘Light’

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10
Q

What does a Beaufort scale of 4 mean

A

That the average speed at 10m above the ground is 11 to 16 knots and the environment is described as ‘Moderate’

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11
Q

What does a Beaufort scale of 5 mean

A

That the average speed at 10m above the ground is 17 to 21 knots and the environment is described as ‘Fresh’

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12
Q

What is daily maximum gust

A

The highest instantaneous windspeed recorded

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13
Q

In the daily maximum gust reading, what else is recorded other than windspeed

A

The direction from which the maximum gust was blowing from

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14
Q

What is daily maximum relative humidity measured as

A

Given as a percentage of air saturation with water vapour

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15
Q

What conditions do relative humidity’s above 95% give rise to

A

Give rise to misty or foggy conditions

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16
Q

What are the two time periods the large data set is from

A

May to October 1987
May to October 2015

17
Q

What are the 5 UK locations the large data set readings are from

A

Camborne
Hurn
Heathrow
Leeming
Leuchars

18
Q

What are the 3 overseas locations the large data set readings are from

A

Jacksonville FL
Beijing
Perth

19
Q

What is daily mean cloud cover measured in

A

Eighths of the sky covered by cloud (Oktas)

20
Q

What is daily mean visibility

A

The greatest horizontal distance at which an object can be seen in daylight

21
Q

What is daily mean visibility measured in

A

Decametres (Dm) 0-50Dm can be represented at 0

22
Q

What is daily mean pressure measured in

A

Hectopascals (hPa)

23
Q

Who provides the data from the large data set

A

The met office

24
Q

Plot roughly where
Camborne
Hurn
Heathrow
Leeming
Leuchars
Are in the UK

A

From south to north:
(alphabetical order except H and H switch)
Camborne (costal so windier)
Hurn
Heathrow
Leeming
Leuchars (costal so windier)

25
Describe the weather conditions in may-october in the UK
No winter months in LDS Spring - May Summer - June, July august Autumn - September, October Winter months are windier, wetter, darker and colder Summer months calmer, drier, brighter, hotter
26
Describe sunshine, rainfall and windspeed as temperature increases in the UK
Sunshine increases Rainfall decreases Windspeed decreases
27
Describe maximum hours sunshine, rainfall and temperature as we go further north in the UK from May-October
As we move further north temperature decreases Rainfall increases Maximum sunshine increases
28
What is the data which is recorded for the UK, state the units of each and the typical range for May - October
Daily mean temperature, degrees C , 5 - 24 degrees (1dp) Daily total rainfall, mm, 0 - 20mm (1dp) Daily total sunshine, hrs, 0-14hrs (1dp) Cloud cover, oktas, 0 - 8, (integers only) Humidity, %, 70%-100% (integers only) Daily mean visibility, Dm, 200Dm - 4000Dm (Rounded to nearest 100)(1Dm = 10m) Daily mean pressure, hPa, 990hPa - 1040hPa, (integers only)
29
Why is rainfall not a symmetrical distribution, and what is the effect of this
Many days with 0mm rainfall and tr values Cannot model it by a normal distribution
30
What does cleaning the data mean for rainfall, and what do we do for cleaning data in general
Replacing tr with 0mm Anything which says N/A, we just remove that data when taking an average etc
31
What are the measurements of wind, state the units and typical range
Daily mean windspeed, Kn (Knots), 3Kn-10kn (Integers) Windspeed (Beaufort conversion), Light - Moderate Daily Maximum gust, Kn, 8kn-50Kn (integers) Wind/gust direction bearings, 10-360 degrees, (WE GO CLOCKWISE AND SUBTRACT FROM 360 at top not add from 0) (multiples of 10 only) Wind/gust direction cardinal, compass direction, e.g. NE, ENE Wind direction describes where the wind is coming FROM not where it is going
32
Describe the general weather in Jacksonville
Hot summers
33
Describe the general weather in Beijing
Hotter and very rainy (wett) summers Colder winters
34
Describe the general weather in Perth
Seasons are flipped In summer temps are colder
35
What are the measures of wind in the UK, state the units of each and a typical range
Daily mean windspeed, Kn (knots), 3Kn-10Kn, (integers only) Windspeed Beufort conversion, Qualitative, Most days are light Daily maximum gust, Kn 8Kn - 50Kn (integers only) Wind direction bearings - degrees, 10 - 360 (multiples of 10 only) (we subtract from 360 at top clockwise not add from 0 like normal) Wind direction cardinal - e.g. SE, ENE Wind direction measures the direction wind is COMING FROM, not where it is blowing to