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Large Intestine Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

The large intestine extends from the ____ to the _____.

A

Ileum to the anus

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2
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

5 feet

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3
Q

What are the sections of the large intestine?

A

Cecum, Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Decending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum, and Anal Canal

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4
Q

What are the longitudinal muscles grouped into 3 that run along the colon?

A

Tenia Colia

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5
Q

What is the name of each individual segment of the large intestine?

A

Haustrations

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6
Q

Fatty protrusions surrounded by visceral peritoneum are called ____.

A

Epiploical appendages

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7
Q

What is the landmark used to separate the cecum from the ascending colon?

A

Ileocecal Junction

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8
Q

What is attached to the posteromedial side of the cecum?

A

appendix

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9
Q

What is the blood supply to the cecum?

A

anterior and posterior cecal branches of the ileocolic artery

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10
Q

What is the ileocolic artery a branch of?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

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11
Q

What is the name of the folds inside the colon?

A

Semilunar folds

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12
Q

How long is the appendix?

A

3-5 inches

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13
Q

What does the appendix contain?

A

A large amount of lymphoid tissue

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14
Q

Where is the base of the appendix situated?

A

beneath McBurney’s Point

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15
Q

What is the blood supply to the appendix?

A

appendicular artery

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16
Q

What is the appendicular artery a branch of?

A

posterior cecal artery

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17
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the appendix?

A

Vagus Nerve

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18
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the appendix?

A

Lesser and Least Splanchnic Nerves via the Superior Mesenteric Plexus

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19
Q

Afferent fibers for appendical pain enter the:

A

T10 segment

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20
Q

What is Rovsing Sign?

A

When the left side, opposite the appendix, is touched, the patient complains of pain on the right side.

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21
Q

What is iliopsoas sign?

A

When flexing the thigh causes pain around the appendix.

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22
Q

How long is the ascending colon?

A

5 inches

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23
Q

Where does the ascending colon end?

A

Right colic flexure (A.K.A. the hepatic flexure)

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24
Q

Is the ascending colon retro or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

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25
What is the blood supply to the ascending colon?
Ileocolic and right colic arteries via the Superior Mesenteric Artery
26
What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the ascending colon?
Lesser and Least Splanchnic Nerves via the Superior Mesenteric Plexus
27
What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the ascending colon?
Vagus Nerve
28
What is the name of the peritoneal extensions on the superior surface of the colon?
mesocolon
29
How long is the transverse colon?
15 inches
30
What suspends the transverse colon from the anterior surface of the pancreas?
mesocolon
31
What is the blood supply to the right 2/3 of the transverse colon?
middle colic artery via the Superior Mesenteric Artery
32
What is the blood supply to the left 1/3 of the transverse colon?
branch of the inferior mesenteric artery
33
What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the transverse colon?
Lesser and least splanchnic nerves via the superior mesenteric plexus
34
What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the transverse colon?
Vagus Nerve
35
How long is the decending colon?
10 inches
36
The decending colon extends from where to where?
Left colic flexure (Splenic Flexure) to the pelvic brim
37
is the decending colon retro or intraperitoneal?
retroperitoneal
38
What is the blood supply to the decending colon?
left colic and sigmoidal arteries via the Inferior Mesenteric Artery
39
What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the decending colon?
Inferior Mesenteric gg
40
What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the descending colon?
Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves
41
How long is the sigmoid colon?
10-15 inches
42
Is the sigmoid colon retro or intraperitoneal?
intraperitoneal
43
What attaches the sigmoid colon to the abdominal wall?
Sigmoid mesocolon
44
What is the blood supply to the sigmoid colon?
Sigmoid branches of the inferior mesenteric artery
45
What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the sigmoid colon?
Inferior Mesenteric and Hypogastric Plexus
46
What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the sigmoid colon?
Pelvic Splanchnic nerves
47
How long is the rectum?
5 inches
48
Where does the rectum begin and end?
In front of S3 and ends 1 inch in front of the tip of the coccyx
49
What kind of muscle surround the circumference of the rectum?
longitudinal muscle, no tenia colia
50
What is the blood supply to the rectum?
Superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries
51
What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the rectum?
Hypogastric Plexuses
52
Is the rectum retro or intraperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal
53
What is the junction called between the large intestine and the rectum?
Rectosigmoid Junction
54
How long is the anal canal?
1.5 inches
55
In the internal sphincter voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
56
Is the external rectal sphincter voluntary or involuntary?
voluntary
57
What is the blood supply to the anal canal?
Superior and Inferior Rectal arteries
58
Where does the Superior Rectal Arteries branch from?
The Inferior Mesenteric Artery
59
Where do the inferior rectal arteries branch from?
Internal Iliac Artery
60
What is the nerve supply to the upper portion of the anal canal?
hypogastric plexus
61
What is the nerve supply to the lower portion of the anal canal?
Inferior Rectal Nerve and perineal branch of S4 nerve
62
What is the embryological origin of the rectal ampulla?
Endoderm
63
The anal valve forms what line?
Dentate (or pectinate) Line
64
The upper mucosal portion of the anal canal is of what embryological origin and has what type of epithelium?
endoderm, simple columnar
65
The lower half of the anal canal is of what embryological origin and has what type of epithelium?
Ectoderm, stratified squamous nonkeratinized
66
What line separates the central portion of the anal canal from the inferior portion?
Anocutaneous line
67
The ridges of the anal valve form the __ ____.
Anal Columns
68
Where the rectum and the anal canal meet is called the ____ _____.
Anorectal junction

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