Laryngeal Anatomy Flashcards
What are the three functions of the larynx?
- protects the airway
- pressure valving
- phonation
How many laryngeal cartilages are there?
A) 5
B) 9
C) 12
D) 7
E) 10
B - 9 Laryngeal Cartilages
(Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid [2], Cuneiform, Corniculate [2], and Epiglottis)
The Epiglottis is attached to both the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone via these two these two ligaments:
- attached to thyroid cartilage at thyroid notch via thyroid ligament
- -*attached near hyoid bone via hyoepiglottic ligament
The Digastric Muscle helps ______ the larynx:
-elevate
The anterior belly of the diagstric muscle starts ______ and inserts into the _______.
-lower border of mandible near mandibular symphysis and inserts into the intermediate tendon
The posterior belly of the digastric starts at the ______ and inserts into the _______.
-mastoid process and inserts into the intermediate tendon
The Geniohyoid muscle starts at the _________ and inserts into the ________.
-mental spine (mental symphysis) of the mandible and inserts into the body of hyoid
*pulls hyoid anteriorly and up, elevating the larynx
The Mylohyoid Muscle starts at the ______ and inserts into the _______.
- mylohyoid line of mandible and inserts into the midline raphe
- **pulls hyoid anteriorly and up, elevating the larynx
The Stylohyoid Muscle starts at the _______ and inserts into the _______.
- styloid process of temporal bone and inserts into the body of hyoid
- **draws hyoid up and back (elevating the larynx)
The Omohyoid Muscle (Inferior Belly) starts at the ______ and inserts into the _______.
-scapula and inserts into the intermediate tendon
*pulls hyoid down and back (lowering larynx)
The Omohyoid Muscle (Superior Belly) starts at the _____ and inserts into the ______.
- intermediate tendon and inserts into the great horn of hyoid
- **pulls hyoid down and back (lowering larynx)
The Sternohyoid Muscle starts at the ______ and inserts into the _______.
-manubrium of sternum & end of clavicle and inserts into the lower border body of hyoid
*pulls down on hyoid (lowers larynx)
The Sternothyroid starts at the ______ and inserts into the _______.
-manubrium of sternum and inserts into the oblique line of thyroid
*pulls down thyroid cartilage (lowering larynx)
The Thyrohyoid Muscle starts at the _____ and inserts into the ______.
- oblique line of thyroid and inserts into the hyoid
- **elevates larynx or depresses hyoid
The Extrinsic Muscles are muscles that have attachments _______.
-one on the larynx and one outside of the larynx.
*includes the Infra and Supra Hyoid Muscles
The PCA starts at the ______ and inserts into the _______.
-posterior surface of cricoid cartilage and inserts into the muscular process of artyenoid cartilage
*Function: abducts the VFs by rocking the AC back (rotating the vocal process away from midline)
*ONLY LARYNGEAL ABDUCTORS
*INNERVATED BY RLN
The LCA (Lateral Cricoarytenoid) starts at the _____ and inserts into the ______.
-upper border & anterolateral arch of cricoid and inserts into the muscular process of arytenoids
*Function:adducts vocal processes&adducts membranous portions of vocal folds
*INNERVATED BY RLN
The Oblique Arytenoid starts at the _____ and inserts into the ______.
-muscular process of AC and inserts into the apex of opposite arytenoid
*ADDUCTS ARYTENOID
The Transvers Arytenoid starts at the ______ and inserts into the _____.
- lateral posterior of AC and inserts into the opposite AC
- **ADDUCTS ARYTENOIDS
The Pars Oblique (Cricothyroid) starts at the _____ and inserts into the _______.
-anterolateral arch of cricoid and inserts into the inferior horn of thyroid
*When contracted: decreases distance b/w thyroid and cricoid & increases distance between thyroid and arytenoid (lengthening VFs)
*INNERVATED BY SLN
