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REPOSITORY - Head and Neck Anatomy > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

what is the function of the larynx

A

speech production

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2
Q

what are the boundaries of the larynx

A

laryngopharynx and trachea

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3
Q

how many laryngeal cartilages are there

A

9

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4
Q

what are the 3 single cartilages

A

cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis

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5
Q

what are the 3 paired cartilages

A

arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate

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6
Q

how is the epiglottis attached to the hyoid bone

A

by the epiglottic ligament

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7
Q

what is the prominence on the thyroid called

A

laryngeal prominence

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8
Q

how are the superior border of thyroid cartilage and superior bone attached to the hyoid bone

A

through the thyrohyoid membrane

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9
Q

what joint does the inferior horn of thyroid cartilage and the articular surface of cricoid cartilage form

A

cricothyroid joint

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10
Q

what is the function of the joints on either side of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage

A

for rotation and gliding of thyroid cartilage, change length of vocal folds and pitch of voice

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11
Q

what attaches the cricoid to the first tracheal ring

A

by cricotracheal ring

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12
Q

how are the cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage attached

A

cricothyroid ligament

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13
Q

what is the clinical significance of the median cricothyroid ligament

A

it is where the surgical airway is put in with a cricothyrotomy

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14
Q

where is the epiglottis

A

between oropharynx and laryngopharynx

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15
Q

what is the function of the epiglottis

A

protect airway from food

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16
Q

how is the epiglottis attached to the thyroid cartilage

A

by thyroepiglottic ligament

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17
Q

on what surface does the arytenoid cartilages articulate with the cricoid cartilage

A

inferior surface

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18
Q

what is the shape of the arytenoid cartilages

A

pyramidal with vocal press anteriorly and large muscular process on the base

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19
Q

what does the anterior vocal press of the arytenoid cartilage do

A

provide posterior attachment for vocal ligament

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20
Q

what is the extrinsic membrane

A

thyrohyoid membrane

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21
Q

where is the thyrohyoid membrane

A

between thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone

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22
Q

what are the intrinsic ligaments and membranes

A

quadrangular membrane, cricothyroid ligament, vocal ligament, vestibular ligament, aryepiglottic ligament

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23
Q

where is the quadrangular membrane

A

from arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage to epiglottis

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24
Q

what is the free inferior margin of the quadrangular membrane

Study These Flashcards
A

vestibular ligament

25
what is the free superior ligament of the quadrangular membrane
aryepiglottic ligament (forms epiglottic fold)
26
where does the cricothyroid ligament run from
from cricoid to arytenoid to thyroid cartilage
27
what does the cricothyroid ligament form laterally and superiorly
conus elasticus laterally vocal ligament superiorly
28
what is the vocal ligament made of
superior free edge of cricothyroid ligament
29
what are the 3 laryngeal folds
aryepiglottic, vestibular and vocal
30
where is the aryepiglottic fold
over the superior free edge of the quadrangular membrane
31
what does the aryepiglottic fold form
laryngeal inlet
32
what is the laryngeal inlet
protective sphincter of the larynx
33
what are the false vocal cords
vestibular
34
what are the true vocal cords
vocal folds
35
where is the vestibular fold
over inferior edge of quadrangular membrane (vestibular ligament)
36
what is the function of the vestibular fold
protection
37
where is the vocal fold
over the superior free edge of the cricothyroid ligament (vocal ligament)
38
what is the function of the vocal fold
sound production
39
what are the 3 functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles
open or close rima glottidis alter tension of vocal folds open or close laryngeal inlet
40
what important role do the vocal and vestibular folds play
coughing, sneezing and raising intraabdominal pressure during parturition and defecation and lifting heavy objects
41
what are the extrinsic muscles
infrahyoid, suprahyoids, stylopharyngeus
42
what is the function of the extrinsic muscles
move larynx as a whole
43
which muscle opens the rima glottidis
posterior crictoarytenoid but abducting vocal folds
44
what muscles closes the rima glottidis
transverse arytenoid muscle (extends the oblique arytenoid muscles) lateral cricothyroid muscle (adduction)
45
what is the result of lengthened vocal fold on pitch and what muscle does this
higher pitch due to increased tension cricothyroid muscle (pulls thyroid cartilage)
46
what is the result of shortened vocal folds on pitch and what muscle does this
lower pitch due to reduced tension thyroarytenoid muscle (pulls arytenoid cartilages)
47
what muscle is the principle tensor
cricothyroid muscle
48
what muscle is the principle relaxer
thyroarytenoid muscle
49
what is the closure of the laryngeal inlet by
oblique arytenoid muscle acting as purse string to bring aryepiglottic folds together also extrinsic muscles elevating the larynx
50
what is the opening of the laryngeal inlet by
descent of larynx by elastic recoil
51
what are the intrinsic muscles supplied by
recurrent laryngeal nerve
52
what is the sensory nerve supply of the vocal folds
above them is by internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve below is by recurrent laryngeal nerve
53
what does the rima glottiidis look like during quiet respiration
triangular shape as muscles are relaxed vocal and vestibular folds abducted
54
what does the rima glottidis look like during forced inspiration
more widely opening by posterior cricoarytenoid muscle kite shaped
55
what does the rima glottidis look like when during speech production
closed and air forced through which vibrates vocal folds adducted
56
what does the larynx look like when swallowing
rima glottidis closed vocal and vestibular folds adducted vestibule closed by vestibular folds for extra protection
57
what is the forced expiratory effort called
valsalva manoeuvre
58
why is the valsalva manoeuvre perfomed
equalise pressure in middle ear

REPOSITORY - Head and Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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