LARYNX

Question 1

What is keratosis larynx

Treatment

Answer 1

ENT page 4

Question 2

Key hole glottis is found in

And treatment

Answer 2

Phonaesthesia

Speech therapy

Question 3

Bryce’s sign

T/t

Answer 3

Gurgling sound produced when laryngoscopes is pressed

Six removal

Question 4

Dysphonia plica ventricularis
Other name
T/t

Answer 4

Production of sound from false vocal cord
Ventricular band
Speech tp , psycho tp

Question 5

Lymphatic drainage of larynx

Answer 5

Vocal cord no lymphatics
subglottis pretracheal lymph-node=Delphian l.n.=pre laryngeal
supraglottis Rich lymphatic

Question 6

In which phase of respiration phonation occurs

Answer 6

Expiratory

Question 7

Which muscle lies outside larynx

Answer 7

Cricothyroid

Question 8

Intrinsic muscles of larynx

Answer 8

Abductor – posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
Adductor- 
1. Lateral cricoarytenoid
2. Inter arytenoid 
3.cricothyroid
4.thyroarytenoid
Tensor 
1. Vocalis(internal part of thyroarytenoid)
2.cricothyroid

Question 9

Why cricothyroid muscle is supplied by external branch of SLN and others are supplied by RLN

Answer 9

Because it lies outside larynx

Question 10

Ortner’s syndrome

Generally seen in

Answer 10

Page 10 ent notes

Question 11

Mcc of u/l paralysis of vocal cord

Answer 11

Idiopathic > Ca bronchus

Question 12

Mcc of b/l vocal cord paralysis

Answer 12

Thyroid sx

Question 13

E.g. of b/l abductor palsy of v.c palsy

T/t

Answer 13

Both RLN cut during thyroid surgery

Page 12 ent notes

Question 14

Structures that cannot be seen in indirect laryngoscopy

Answer 14

Laryngeal surface of epiglottis 
Ventricle
Saccule
Ant. Comissure of vocal cord 
Subglottis

Question 15

Vediostoboscopy is done using
Why it has flash light
What we see in it
If any lesion of the wave form makes it irregular then it is

Answer 15

Rigid endoscope
So that vocal cord appears in slow motion
Wave formation of vocal cord
Malignant

Question 15

Focal length of microscope used in ENT

Answer 15

E 2-200-250mm
N 3-300mm
T 4-400mm

Question 16

Narrowest part of paediatric larynx

And adult

Answer 16

Subglottis

Glottis

Question 17

In children laryngitis causes resp. Distress but in adults hoarse voice why?

Answer 17

Become paediatric larynx have abundant loose tissue

Question 19

Kashima operation

Answer 19

Separation of membranous and cartilaginous part of VC using CO2 laser

Question 20

Congenital anomalies of larynx

Answer 20

Laryngomalacia
Congenital laryngeal web
Congenital subglottis stenosis

Question 21

Laryngomalacia
Endoscopy shows
C/c
T/t

Answer 21

Weakness of supraglottis of larynx i.e. epiglottis and A.E.folds
Omega shaped epiglottis 
1. Starts with in 1st week of life 
2. Increases on crying 
3. Decreases in prone position 
4.cry Normal - v.c normal 
Conservative 
Reassure parents 
Self limiting (1 n half to 2 yrs)

Question 22

Criteria for cong subglottis stenosis

T/t

Answer 22

Sub glottis diameter
<3mm in preterm
<4mm in term
Conservative if fails then laryngotracheal reconstruction (rib cage graft used)

Question 23

In laryngotracheal reconstruction what is usd to support the graft

Answer 23

Montgomery’s silicone tracheal T-tube

Question 24

E.g of paediatric laryngeal infections

Answer 24

Acute epiglottitis

CROUP/ Acute laryngeal tracheo bronchitis

Question 25

Causative org of acute epigoltitis Age effected Signs found Primary t/t in this

Answer 25

``` Streptococci>HIB 2-7 yrs 1. Tripod sign 2. Thumb sign in neck x-ray lateral view Establish airway ```

Question 26

Repeat laryngoscopy not done in acute epiglottis why?

Answer 26

Increases Edema

Question 27

Cause of croup Affected area Age X-ray neck AP view show

Answer 27

Para influenza virus Infection of whole airway but subglottis most affected 3mths to 3 yrs *Cough present Steeple sign - narrowing of subglottis * Ab have limited role only prevents 2* infection

Question 28

Types Of thyroplasty

Answer 28

Type1 thyroplasty - Medialisation of the vocal cord Type2 thyroplasty- Literalisation of the vocal cord Type3 thyroplasty- shortening of the vocal cord Tight4 thyroplasty- Lengthening of the vocal cord

Question 29

What is the significance of cricothyroid membrane

Answer 29

Use at the time of Cricothyroidotomy When tracheostomy is taking time

Question 30

Name the unpaired muscle of the glottis

Answer 30

Interarytenoid muscle

Question 31

causes of reinke’s edema

Answer 31

Vocal abuse Smoking Laryngopharyngeal reflux

Question 32

Parts of supra glottis

Answer 32

``` Epiglottis Aryepiglottic fold False vocal cord/ventricular band Ventricle Saccule ```

Question 33

``` new name of juvenile papilloma of larynx Strain responsible in children What is to be avoided in these patients T/t What is used to decrease reoccurrence ```

Answer 33

``` Recurrent respiratory papillomatosiS Six and 11 intubation to avoid spread of infection to trachea ,bronchi and lungs *Premalignant condition C02 Laser excision surgery but reoccurrence is common 1.Intra lesional CIDOFOVIR 2.INTERFERON-alpha 3.INDOLE-3 CARDINOL ```

Question 34

TB of larynx Symptoms Signs

Answer 34

* Painful condition *involves post. Part of larynx Weakness of voice (first symptom) painful phonation Hyperaemia of vocal cord with impaired adduction (1st sign) Turban epiglottis (2nd sign) Mouse bitten appearance of v.c

Question 35

Causes of vocal nodule | Why anterior 1/3rd and posterior 2/3rd. Are the most common sight for this

Answer 35

``` Vocal abuse(1st) Laryngopharyngeal reflux(2nd) Most vibrating part of vocal cord ```