Larynx

Question 1

the trachea and lungs orginated as ?

Answer 1

ventral outpacking of the gut in the neck region

Question 2

describe metabolic rate and inhilation of primitive air breathing vertebrates

Answer 2

in primitive air breathing vertebrates (lungfish) metabolic rate was low and inhalation was infrequent retaliative to digestion

Question 3

describe the change of metabolic rate .. breathing and swallowing throughout evolution

Answer 3

. In the course of evolution to reptiles and eventually mammals, activity and metabolic rate increased until breathing became more frequent than swallowing

Question 4

forceful closure of the larynx is important for

Answer 4

keeping food out of the trachea, but for any function requiring increased intrathoracic or intraabdominal pressure; for example, coughing, defecation, parturition, or physical exertion with the limbs such as weightlifting

Question 5

what are the paired and unpaired cartilages ?

Answer 5

3 Unpaired (thyroid, cricoid, epiglottic)

2. 6 Paired (arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate)

Question 6

what are the membranes and ligaments (6)

Answer 6

1. Thyrohyoid membrane
2. Hyoepiglottic ligament
3. Thyroepiglottic ligament
   Conus elasticus; vocal ligament and median cricothyroid ligament
4. Quadrangular membrane
5. Cricotracheal ligament or membrane

Question 7

what 3 ligaments/membranes make up the preepiglottic body ?

Answer 7

. Thyrohyoid membrane

2. Hyoepiglottic ligament
3. Thyroepiglottic ligament

Question 8

rima vestibuli ?

Answer 8

opening between the vestibular folds

Question 9

rema glottidis

Answer 9

opening between the vocal folds

Question 10

extrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 10

stenothyroid, thyrohyoid, inf constrictor

Question 11

sternothyroid function and innervation

Answer 11

depress larynx and hyoid bone
pulls folds apart
ansa cervicalis

Question 12

thyrohyoid ?

Answer 12

depress larynx and hyoid
elevate thyroid cartilage
helps close airways

Question 13

stretching of quandrangular membranes causes

Answer 13

Stretching of the quadrangular membranes also pulls the arytenoid cartilages apart and rocks them outward, abducting in turn the vocal folds and opening the glottis to permit breathing

Question 14

Elastic rebound of the thyroid laminae and preepiglottic body causes ?

Answer 14

Elastic rebound of the thyroid laminae and preepiglottic body also help to open the airway

Question 15

intrinsic m of larynx (7)

Answer 15

cricothyroid, pos. and lat cricoarytenoid, tansverse and oblique arytenoid, thyroarytenoid and vocalis

Question 16

cricothyroid function and nerve

Answer 16

forward and backward rotation of the thyroid cartilage

ONLY INTRINSIC W EXTERNAL BRANCH OF SUP LARYNGEAL N THE REST ARE RECURRENT

Question 17

pos cricoarytenoid

Answer 17

abduction and external rotation of the arytenoid cart. primary abductors of the vocal folds

Question 18

lat cricoarytenoid

Answer 18

internal rotation of the arytenoid and adduction of vocal folds

Question 19

transverse arytenoid

Answer 19

adduction of arytenoid cart

Question 20

oblique arytenoid

Answer 20

sphincter of aryngeal inlet

Question 21

thyroarytenoid

Answer 21

sphincter of the vestibule and laryngeal inlet

Question 22

vocalis

Answer 22

adjust tension of vocal folds