Larynx Anatomy

Question 1

What is the larynx made up of?

Answer 1

A series of cartilages joined by connective tissue and moved by muscles

Question 2

Where is the larynx located?

Answer 2

Between the pharynx and trachea

Question 3

What may a splutter suggest?

Answer 3

Abnormal swallow or cough

Question 4

Where specifically in the neck is the larynx found?

Answer 4

In the visceral layer of the pretracheal fascia

Question 5

What layer of pretrachial fascia lies anterior to the visceral layer?

Answer 5

A very thin muscular layer

Question 6

What is the function of strap muscles?

Answer 6

Accessory muscles of breathing

Question 7

What is the laryngopharynx? Where is the larynx in relation to this?

Answer 7

The region of the pharynx from the epiglottis to the oesophagus. The larynx is anterior.

Question 8

The larynx is located between which vertebral levels?

Answer 8

C4-C6

Question 9

What cartilage is the laryngeal prominence part of? At what vertebral level is this found?

Answer 9

Thyroid cartilage- found at C4/5

Question 10

Which parts of the pharynx are used in both the respiratory and GI pathways?

Answer 10

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 11

Raising the larynx towards where reduces the chance of aspiration?

Answer 11

The mandible

Question 12

What happens if aspiration occurs?

Answer 12

The cough reflex occurs

Question 13

The larynx is a skeleton of cartilages suspended from where?

Answer 13

The hyoid bone

Question 14

What is the reason for pressing on the cricoid cartilage when ventilating?

Answer 14

Compresses the oesophagus against C6 to prevent aspiration

Question 15

Which has mucosa, a laryngeal ligament or a laryngeal fold/cord?

Answer 15

Fold/cord

Question 16

What is a vestibular fold also known as?

Answer 16

False vocal cord

Question 17

Describe the vocal cords?

Answer 17

Free borders of mucosa covered in connective tissue in the larynx

Question 18

Where is the connection forming the true vocal cords?

Answer 18

Vocal processes of arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage

Question 19

Where is the connection forming the false vocal cords?

Answer 19

Arytenoid cartilage to epiglottis

Question 20

Where is the quadrangular membrane found?

Answer 20

Between the vestibular ligament and epiglottis

Question 21

The movement of which vocal cords impacts sound?

Answer 21

True vocal cords

Question 22

What is the space between the true vocal cords known as?

Answer 22

Rima glottidis

Question 23

Where is a laryngoscope placed?

Answer 23

Between the epiglottis and tongue

Question 24

The intrinsic muscles of the larynx are what type of muscle?

Answer 24

Skeletal muscle

Question 25

What 4 movements can intrinsic muscles of the larynx cause?

Answer 25

Tension, relaxation, adduction, abduction

Question 26

What does tension of the vocal cords do to sound?

Answer 26

Increase pitch

Question 27

What does relaxation of the vocal cords do to sound?

Answer 27

Decrease pitch

Question 28

What does adduction of the vocal cords do to sound?

Answer 28

Quieter

Question 29

What does abduction of the vocal cords do to sound?

Answer 29

Louder

Question 30

What are all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles innervated by?

Answer 30

CNX

Question 31

What muscles are the tensors of the larynx?

Answer 31

Cricothyroid muscles

Question 32

What muscles are relaxers of the larynx?

Answer 32

Thyroarytenoid muscles

Question 33

What muscles are the adductors of the vocal cords?

Answer 33

Lateral crico-arytenoid muscles and arytenoid muscles

Question 34

What muscles are abductors of the vocal cords?

Answer 34

Posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

Question 35

Where do supra-glottis tumours drain to?

Answer 35

Superior deep cervical nodes

Question 36

How do glottic and sub-glottic tumours present?

Answer 36

Voice changes/airway obstruction

Question 37

Where do sub-glottic tumours drain to?

Answer 37

Paratracheal nodes

Question 38

What muscles allow inspiration?

Answer 38

Diaphragm and or intercostal muscles

Question 39

The laryngeal buzz is amplified by what structures?

Answer 39

Pharynx, oral and nasal cavities

Question 40

What happens to the soft palate when forming oral sounds?

Answer 40

It tenses (CNV3) and elevates (CNX) to close off the nasopharynx

Question 41

What happens to the soft palate when forming nasal sounds?

Answer 41

It tended (CNV3) and descends (CNX) to close off the oropharynx

Question 42

What sounds are produced nasally?

Answer 42

M, n, ing

Question 43

What nerve supply to the tongue and teeth and lips aids sound?

Answer 43

Tongue= CNXII | Teeth and lips= CNVII

Question 44

What nerve supplies all of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except cricothyroid?

Answer 44

Inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 45

What nerve supplies the cricothyroid?

Answer 45

External laryngeal nerve

Question 46

What supplies the musosa above and below the vocal folds?

Answer 46

Above = internal laryngeal nerve, below= inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 47

The recurrent laryngeal nerve becomes what nerve at the cricothyroid joint?

Answer 47

Inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 48

What does the vagus nerve supply in the neck?

Answer 48

Sensory and motor supply to the palate, pharynx and larynx

Question 49

How do you test the vagus nerve at the level of the pharynx?

Answer 49

Get the patient to have a sip of water and watch the larynx move up and down. Do they splutter?

Question 50

How do you test the vagus nerve at the level of the larynx?

Answer 50

Is the voice hoarse? Is coughing normal and powerful?

Question 51

Where does the vagus nerve pass through the base of the skull?

Answer 51

Jugular foramen

Question 52

The vagus nerve descends through thence within what?

Answer 52

The carotid sheath

Question 53

Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch off the vagus nerve?

Answer 53

In the mediastinum