Larynx, Laryngopharynx, and Speech

Question 1

What are the three parts of the pharynx

Answer 1

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

Question 2

Where is the nasopharynx?

Answer 2

Above the soft palate posterior to the nasal cavities

Question 3

Where is the oropharynx?

Answer 3

from the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis. Also it is behind the oral cavity and dorsum of tongue

Question 4

Where is the laryngopharynx?

Answer 4

From the upper border of the epiglottis to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage.

Question 5

What is the piriform recesses?

Answer 5

Depressions within the laryngopharynx

Question 6

What is the role of the internal laryngeal nerve?

Answer 6

It is the nerve that can be anesthetized during endotracheal intubation. It can also be damaged during removal of foreign body.

Question 7

Where is the larynx found?

Answer 7

Between the pharynx and the trachea at level C3-C6 in the anterior part of the neck.

Question 8

What is the function of the larynx?

Answer 8

Used for the passage of air and to prevent foreign objects from entering the lower respiratory tract.

Question 9

What are the three paired cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 9

Cuneiform, corniculate, and arythenoid

Question 10

What are the three unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 10

Epiglottis, Thyroid, Cricoid

Question 11

What is the role of the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 11

It forms the laryngeal prominence known as the adam’s apple, it has 2 laminae fused in midline and forms bilateral cricothyroid joints.

Question 12

What is the shape of the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 12

Signet ring shaped with broad lamina on the posterior side and a thin arch in the front

Question 13

What is a cricothyrotomy?

Answer 13

When the cricothryoid joint is cut to allow for an emergency airway.

Question 14

If you need to compress the site of bleeding carotid artery what can be used as a landmark?

Answer 14

The cricoid cartilage is useful for locating Cv6

Question 15

Where does the epiglottic cartilage attatch?

Answer 15

To the hyoid and thyroid cartilage by ligaments.

Question 16

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 16

To push down over the laryngeal inlet to prevent foreign objects from entering the respiratory tract during swallowing.

Question 17

What is the role of the arythenoid cartilage?

Answer 17

Is responsible for the vocal ligaments and vocal process.

Question 18

What are the three parts of the arythenoid cartilage?

Answer 18

Vocal process, Apex, Muscular process.

Question 19

What are the three movements the arythenoid cartilage can make?

Answer 19

Sliding toward and away from each other.
Tilting anteriorly or posteriorly around a horizontal axis
Rotating around a vertical axis

Question 20

What is the role of the corniculate and cuneiform cartilages?

Answer 20

They dont have any real function but is used as a landmark during laryngoscopy

Question 21

What are the extrinsic ligaments of the larynx?

Answer 21

Thyrohyoid membrane which consists of the lateral and medial thyrohyoid ligaments, hyo-epiglottic ligament, and the cricotracheal ligament.

Question 22

What are the intrinsic ligaments of the larynx?

Answer 22

cricothyroid ligament which sits below the true vocal cords and can be perforated if airway is blocked.
Quadrangular membrane which runs between the lateral margin of the epiglottis and the arytenoid cartilage.

Question 23

What are the two joints that make up the laryngeal joint?

Answer 23

cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints

Question 24

What are the three regions of the laryngeal cavity?

Answer 24

Vestibule (Upper region), Ventricle (Thin middle part), and infraglottic (between vocal cords and inferior opening of larynx)

Question 25

What gap is the rima vestibuli measuring?

Answer 25

The gap between the adjacent vestibular folds.

Question 26

What gap is the rime glottis measuring?

Answer 26

The gap between adjacent vocal folds.

Question 27

What is the glottis?

Answer 27

The vocal apparatus of larynx.

Question 28

What are the four main functions of the larynx?

Answer 28

Respiration, Phonation, Effort Closure, and Swallowing

Question 29

What makes the difference in quiet respiration and forced respiration?

Answer 29

In forced the arytenoid cartilage rotates laterally and the rima glottis widens to open the diameter.

Question 30

What is the role of phonation?

Answer 30

Vocal cords are adducted, air is forced through the closed rima glottidis which causes the vocal cords to vibrate.

Question 31

What happens during effort closure?

Answer 31

Where air is retained due to heavy lifting the lower parts of the vestibule are completely closed

Question 32

What is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 32

To move the larynx as a whole, depress/elevate the hyoid and larynx

Question 33

What is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 33

Move laryngeal parts, lengthen and tense the vocal cords, and abduct the vocal cords

Question 34

What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 34

CN X the vagus nerve

Question 35

How long do you have to remove the object before asphyxiation?

Answer 35

5 minutes because it causes the laryngeal muscles to spasm.