Larynx outline 11 Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
How many types of cartilage are there?
A
3——-
2
Q
Name the three type of cartilages…
A
Hyaline, fibrous, elastic
3
Q
Hyaline?
A
Most common type of cartilage
4
Q
What color is hyline cartilage?
A
Bluish; glassy like
5
Q
Example of fibrous cartilage?
A
Ear, nose——-more stiff/fiberglass like
6
Q
Example of elastic cartilage……
A
Cartilage in larynx
7
Q
What is the name of membrane that covers cartilage?
A
Perichondria
8
Q
How many types of joints are there?
A
3——–
9
Q
What are the names of 3 joints
A
Synarthrodial
Amphiarthrodial
Synovial
10
Q
What is cartilage?
A
Special connective tissue
11
Q
What is Craniosyntosis
A
It’s a synarthrodial joint found in baby skulls when sutures are prematurely closed
12
Q
Facts about synarthrodial joint…..
A
Bone will break before joint moves
Easy to find in skull
13
Q
Other areas of synarthrodial joints
A
Roof of mouth
Palate
Pubis—- fuses together with synarthrodial joints
14
Q
Amphiathrodrial joint facts……..
A
Slightly movable
Examples: spinal disks
Paths between each vertebra/ not much movement until put many vertebra together
15
Q
Synovial joints facts
A
Freely movable joint
Majority joints in the body
16
Q
What is another name for synovial joint?
A
Diaryhrodial joint
17
Q
Ends of bones in a synovial joint is covered by what type of cartilage?
A
Hyline
18
Q
Synovial joints are encapsulated by what type of fluid?
A
Synovial fluid
19
Q
Is synovial fluid continuously produced?
A
Yes
20
Q
Why is synovial fluid continuously produced?
A
It’s a protective mechanism for end of bones
21
Q
How many types of synovial joints are there?
A
6
22
Q
Name 6 type of synovial joints
A
Plane or gliding Gynglymus Pivot Condyloid Saddle Ball and socket
23
Q
Describe plane/ gliding joint
A
Concave surface matched with convex surface/ cup and saucer- allows for sliding movement
Articulate facets of vertebra
Facets are gliding
Ribs attach to vertebra gliding
24
Q
Is Ginglymous joint a hinge joint?
A
Yes, it’s a large range of motion only in one plane
25
Example of ginglymous joint
Knee/elbow
26
Describe a pivot joint
Small projection of one bone through another to provide a pivote range of motion
27
Example of a pivot joint
Head
28
Describe Condyloid joint
Oval surface; convexity that fits into it
Cannot do rotation
It goes up and down and side to side
29
Example of Condyloid joint
Mandible
30
Describe saddle joint
Similar to Condyloid joint but has more motion........ Close to rotation
31
Example of a saddle joint
Bottom of hand by thumb
32
Describe ball and socket joint
Freely movable
| Movement in every plane including rotation
33
Example of ball and socket joint
Shoulder and hips
34
What are laryngeal cartliges?
Structure of larynx and 1 bone
35
How many functions does the larynx have?
It has 3 functions
2 biological
1 voluntary
36
What are the 2 biological functions of the larynx
Protection for the aire way valve
When larynx is closed it holds aire in thoracic/ this helps upper body become stronger
Ex: lifting heavy things, birthing, throwing up
37
What is 1 voluntary function of the larynx
Voice
38
Structure of larynx has how many cartilages?
9
39
How many bones does the larynx have?
1
40
What are the names of 9 cartilages in the larynx
```
Epiglottis- elastic cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid
2 aritenoids
2 corniculate
2 cuneiform
```
41
What is the name of the bone in the larynx
Hyoid bone
42
What is the most important function of the larynx?
As a VALVE
43
```
Is the hyoid bone in larynx....
Free floating?
Have no articulation to any bone or cartilage?
Un paired?
A central structure?
Superior bone?
U-shaped?
```
YES
44
Epiglottis cartilage is a midline structure?
Unpaired?
Looks like a leaf?
Sits on hyoid bone?
Primary function:
YES
Airway protection
45
Thyroid cartilage is a central unpaired structure?
| Is the largest anterior point(Adams apple)?
YES
46
Is thyroid cartilage a hyline cartilage?
Yes
47
Do the VOCAL FOLDS attach to thyroid cartilage?
Yes
48
Is cricoid cartilage a hyaline cartilage?
Yes
49
Is cricoid cartilage in midline?
Unpaired lateral sides?
Sits on trachea?
YES
50
```
2Arytenoids sit on cricoid?
Paired?
Make a saddle joint?
Open/ close VOCAL FOLDS?
Used for swallowing?
```
Yes!!!
51
2 corniculate cartilages. Sit on arytenoids?
| Do have muscle attachments?
Yes
52
2 cuneiform float?
Tucked in aryepligottis folds?
Just sit there....... Theory is that they are vestigial
Yes
53
Is the larynx a midline structure?
Yes
54
Is the larynx highly dynamic?
Very movable?
When it lifts it closes and we can safely SWALLOW?
Yes
55
What do we call muscles that lift larynx?
Intrinsic muscles
56
When larynx goes down its opening is at maximum?
Yes---- for BREATHING
57
Does the hyoid bone being lifted up and down move the larynx?
What shape is hyoid bone?
Yes
U-shaped
58
How many joints are in the laryngeal cartilages?
2
59
What are the names of joints of laryngeal cartilages?
Cricothyroid joint
Cricoarytenoid joint
60
True or false
If there are no joints, there is no movement?
True
61
Laryngeal cartilages mediate all adjustments of vocal folds to close?
Variety of sounds we make? Like shout? Bark?, little sounds?
Yes.... Laryngeal cartilages mediate all this
62
What kind of joint is cricothyroid joint?
Synovial joint
63
Is cricothyroid joint a ring shaped joint and foundation of hyline cartilage?
Yes
64
Facts of cricothyroid
```
Pivot facets are flat or slightly concave and convex
Movement is slightly rotational
Cricothyroid muscle pulls and contracts
Attach to trachea
Movement lengthens vocal folds
```
65
If vocal folds are short and fat......
Low pitch
66
If vocal folds are long and thin......
High pitch
67
Cricarytenoid joint facts.....
Sit on articulate facets of cricoid cartilage
Superior edge of lamina of cricoid cartilage
Facets are oval shaped
Arytenoids sot on facets- saddle joint--sliding, rotation
68
When arytenoids slide/rock do vocal folds move?
Yes
69
Laryngeal membranes and ligaments
What is an extrinsic ligament?
Membranes are wrapping of cartilages and one attachment is outside of larynx
70
What is hypothyroid membrane?
Hyoid and thyroid cartilage
71
What is cricotracheal membrane?
Fills space between crico cartilage and thyroid cartilage
72
Do membranes and ligaments influence movement?
No
73
Laryngeal membrane and ligaments
Intrinsic ligaments...... Interior?
Interconnect laryngeal cartilages?
Affect extent of direction of movement of cartilage: Origin and insertion?
Yes
74
Extrinsic membranes and ligaments are connective tissue of inside larynx?
Yes
75
What do you call superior portion of membrane in laryngeal membrane and ligament?
Quadrangular membrane
76
Is epiglottis elastic cartilage?
Yes
77
What is the primary function of epiglottis?
Aire way protection
78
Ventricular folds are true vocal folds?
No
79
Vocal folds are made up of outermost layer of mucus membranes?
Yes
80
What are ceratocricoid ligaments?
Joint of thyroid and cricoid cartilage
81
Mucus membrane is made up of how many epiphilia?
2----
82
What are the names of 2 epiphilia?
Squamous epiphilia and columnar epiphilia
83
Does squamous epiphilia membrane line the true vocal folds?
Yes
84
Columnar epiphilia lines what ?
Lines everything else but the true vocal folds
85
Are places and spaces important in terms Oscar swallowing and cancer?
Yes
86
What is super glottal?
Superglottal is vestibule and ventricul( false vocal folds)
87
Describe vestibule
Entryway of top of larynx level of ventricular folds up to airepiglottis folds
88
Describe ventricule
False vocal folds
89
Ventricle false vocal folds?
Yes
90
From true vocal fold down to bottom cricoid cartilage Is a sub glottal space?
Yes
91
What is the space called where true vocal folds are attached?
Anterior commisure
92
How do true vocal folds attach to anterior commisure?
At front to thyroid cartilage
93
Where is posterior commisure located?
It is the arch space in back
94
Do the true folds attach to aritenoids on vocal process called posterior commisure?
Yes
95
What are Nodules?
Most common lesion in vocal folds----- between posterior and anterior commisure
96
Muscles of larynx.......
Are they paired
Yes
97
Muscles of larynx intrinsic and extrinsic?
Yes
98
Do extrinsic muscles of larynx elevate or depress the larynx?
Yes
99
Do extrinsic muscles in larynx move larynx in throat or fic larynx position?
Yes
100
Extrinsic muscles move larynx up or down?
Yes
101
What are the names of 2 extrinsic muscles in larynx
Suprahyoid
| Infrahyoid
102
Supra hyoid extrinsic muscle of larynx has how many sub- muscles?
4
103
What are the names so supra hyoid extrinsic muscle of larynx?
Dicastricus
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
104
What do supra hyoid muscles do in the larynx?
They are laryngeal elevators/ pick up larynx
105
How many bellies does digastricus muscle have ?
2------ anterior/posterior
106
Describe anterior belly
Medial inferior border of mandible/ courses posteriorly and inferiorly to intermedian tendon
107
Describe posterior belly of digastrucis
Goes from intermediate tendon / it courses superiorly and posteriorly to insert on mastoid process of temporal bone
108
Describe mylohyloid-
Muscle that forms floor of mouth/ wide origin arises from medial borders of mandible about to last molar, to join a midline rap hie- muscle fivers attach to midline
109
Describe stylohyiod muscle
Long splendor muscle that runs along the sam course of posterior belly of digastricus/ lateral---- when it contracts it pulls hyoid bone up and posteriorly
110
Describe geniohyoid muscle
Supior to mylohyloid top / courses posterior and anterior of hyoid bone
111
Infrahiod extrinsic muscle has how many subcategories ?
```
4
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternotnyroid
```
112
Describe sternohyoid muscle
Menubrium of sternum/ originates posterior: clavicles; courses superiorly to hyoid bone( strap muscle)/ exerts downward- pulls when it contracts
113
Describe omohyoid muscle
Shoulder, 2 belly muscle; thin, long muscle fibers; posterior. Bellie originates from superior borders scapula/ courses horizontally and centrally towards intermediate tendon attached to sternum and 1st rib/ anterior belly goes from intermedian tendon / courses vertically and inserts on inferiorly birder of hyoid next to sternum hyoid
114
Describe thyroid muscle of Infrahyoid muscle
A cheat/ not a typical Infrahyoid
It's a laryngeal elevator
Ira an Infrahyoid because it's below bone,
But nota laryngeal depressor because on contraction thyrohiod closes between thyroid and hyoid cartilage
115
Describe sternothyroid
Anteriorly and laterly originates from interior aspect of mani rum and first rib courses superiorly and inserts to oblique line of thyroid cartilage / when it contracts it pulls thyroid cartilage down
116
Intrinsic muscles-------- are they located inside larynx?
Yes
117
Do intrinsic muscles of larynx shape glottis, control vibratory behavior of vocal folds,?
Yes
118
What is the average pitch for female
220 hertz per second
119
Intrinsic muscles in larynx???
Shape the glottis, control vibratory behavior of vocal folds
120
Thyroartenoid muscle?
Has 2 parts
121
What is the name of two thyroarytenoids
Thyromusculararis and thyrovocalis
